ORTMANN: THE CRAWFISHES OF THE STATE OF PENNSYLVANIA 489 



I'or the months of December, January, February, March, and April, no records 

 are at hand. 



6. Cambarus monongahmia and Can\barn,s carolinns. 



The temperature conditions under which these two species are found are similar 

 to those observed in the case of C. barloni, and they are even more uniform, con- 

 sidering the fact that both are exclusively restricted to spring-water, avoiding even 

 small streams. In 1905 I took the following measurements of the temperature of 

 the water in the holes of C. monongalensis (May 16 at Morgantown, the rest at 

 Edgewood Park); March 18 (ground still frozen in places); 39° F. ; May 16, 58° F. ; 

 July 8, 63° F. ; August 18, 68° F. The range is considerably less than that given 

 for C. ohsairns (35° to 80° F., see above, p. 479). We consequently should expect a 

 similar irregularity in the seasonal history as in C. bartoni, differing markedly from 

 the third chimney-builder, C. diogene-a. This is indeed the case. 



My observations are rather complete with reference to C. viunongalensis, covering 

 the time from March 18 to December 26. During no period within this time were 

 males of the second form absent or scarce, but males of the first form were also 

 almost regularly found ; the following are the dates for the latter : March 18 ; April 

 4, 21, 24 ; May 1, 6, 9, 16, 21, 24 ; June 3, 30 ; July 6, 8, 20, 24 ; August 7, 13, 18 ; 

 September 10; October 9, 10; November 8. 



Copulation was not observed ; but in one case, May 6, 1904. (Fern Hollow), a 

 male of the first form and a female (55 and 72 mm. long respectively) were found 

 together in the same hole. The smallest male of the first form ever found was 53 

 mm. long. 



Females with eggs were obtained on June 25, 1906 (<X T. Cruikshank): June 

 28, 1905, (three specimens) ; June 30, 1904, and July 20, 1905. These few obser- 

 vations would tend to restrict the spawning-season to the months of June and July, 

 but this conclusion is not admis.sible, since newly liorn young are found at various 

 other parts of the year. 1 have such (less than 20 mm. long) taken from the hole 

 of the mother, at the following dates: April 4. 19)5 (13 mm. long) : .Vpril 29, 1905 

 (18 mm. long); May 1, 1905 (17 to 20 mm. long): May 2, 1905(16 to 21 mm. 

 long); May 6, 1904(19 mm. long) ; June 11, 1901(19 to 20 mm. long): August 

 18, 1905(14 mm. long); September 24. 1898 (19 mm. long and above, colleeted by 

 Rhoads and Williamson); Octol)er 29, 1904 (19 mm. long). Tiiis e.\ tends the 

 spawning-season considi'r;il)ly. but it has the appearani-e of being interrupted 

 during the winter. 



The smallest female with eggs is 58.5 nun. long. Tiie numlter of eggs is between 

 thirty-eight and seventy-nine, which is eonsideral)ly less than in the river species, 

 and also on the average slightly less than in C. bartoni and diugcnes. 



