INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. vil 
to the Eastern Asiatic section of this area, extending northward _ 
).to the coasts of China and Japan; as, L/yastenus diacanthus, * 
Neptunus—trituberculatus, Lleterograpsus sanguineus,. Varuna 
hittereta; while many other genera and species appear to be more 
especially «characteristic of the Australian sub-province, as 
Paramithrax, Prionorhynchus edwardsii, Nectocarcinus, Pilumnus 
tomentosus, Pilumnopeus serratifrons,, Ozius truncatus, Heloecius, « 
Hymenicus, Petrolisthes elongatus. 
IJ. Tue Anrarcric Kixcpom :—A large number of species 
occur on the South American, and some also on the South 
African Coasts. Of these, Halicarcinus planatus, Munida sub- 
rugosa, Palaemon affinis, Serolis paradoxa,and Sphaeroma gigas, 
are more particularly Antarctic forms. The following also are 
species found on the Western coast of South America ; Platy- 
onychus bipustulatus, Heterograpsus crenulatus, Eupagurus 
nove-zealandia, Rhynchocinetus typus, Squilla nepa, Orchestia 
chilensis; and the following, (in addition to several species 
occurring throughout the whole Asiatic region), are found at the 
Cape of Good Hope; Plagusia chabrus, Palinurus lalandii, 
Palaemon affinis, and Idotea affinis. Cirolana rossii is nearly 
allied to, and may hereafter prove to be identical with C. hirtipes 
of the Cape. Representative species of Cyclograpsus inhabit 
the shores of New Zealand, South Africa, and South Americ 
The remarkable resemblance between the Carcinological Fauna 
of New Zealand, and that of Great Britain, has been adverted to 
by Dana and other authors, and is sufficiently striking ; many 
of the genera are common to the two areas, others, as for 
instance, Paramithrax, (subgen. Leptomithrax), Nectocarcinus, 
Paranephrops, which are apparently restricted to the Southern 
hemisphere, find their nearest allies in European forms. 
This is even more remarkably seen in the distribution of the 
species of Fishes, many species being common to the British and 
Antarctic areas. (See Giinther, P.Z.S., 1871, pp. 653, 673 
