180 DE. C. CHILTON ON THE SUBTEEEANEAN 



Wrzesniowski, however, makes this form a separate species under the provisional name Niphargus 

 Moniezi, considering it a connecting-form between Niphargus and Crangonyx [124, p. 672]. 



Moniez difl not ^ni Ase/lus cavaticus along with Niphargus puieanus at Lille, although these two 

 species arc frequently found associated. He accounts for this by suggesting that owing to the habits of 

 the animal it is not so likely to be drawn up the pumps as the Amphipods are. He gives, however, 

 brief notices of the various Isopods found by other authors in wells, caves, &c., as he has already done a 

 few pages previously for the Amphipods found in similar situations. 



August Wrzesniowski [123], in 1888, published an elaborate paper in the Polish language under 

 the title " De tribus Crustaceis Amphipodis subterraneis." In 1890 there appeared a translation, 

 apparently with some additions and alterations, in German [124]. This exceedingly careful and con- 

 scientious work will be quite indispensable to all future students of the subterranean Crustacea, and it 

 will therefore be sufficient to indicate here briefly the contents of the paj^er. Some of the more general 

 questions raised are considered elsewhere. 



The paper commences with a full historical sketch of the subject, which I have freely made use of in 

 drawing np the present account. Wrzesniowski, however, deals only with the Amphipoda. Then 

 follows a discussion on the genera Gammarus, Niphargus , Eriopis, Crangomjx, Goplana, and Boruta, the 

 genus Eriopis, Bruzelius, being retained under the altered form Eriopsis, and a new genus Boi-uta being 

 established apparently nearly related to Goplana, Wrzesniowski, but differing in some details of the 

 mouth-parts. The three new Amphipods described are Niphargus tatrensis, sp. nov., Niphargus puteanus, 

 var. Vejdovskyi, var. nov., and Buruta tenebrarum, nov. gen. et sp. These species are described at 

 great length and compared with previously described species, the mouth-parts in particular receiving 

 special attention and being figured with great care. There is a discussion on the multiplicity of species 

 of Niphargus, with an elaborate criticism of the views of de Rougemont, an account of the geographical 

 distribution of the subterranean Gammarids and of their probable origin, a bibliographical list of works 

 relating to the subject, and tables of measurements of the different species. 



I regret exceedingly that my imperfect knowledge of German has prevented me from making as full 

 use of this paper as I should like to have done. 



III. The History, Distribution, and Occurrence of the New Zealand 



Subterranean Crustacea. 



The occurrence of blind Crustacea in tlie underground waters of Canterbury, New 

 Zealand, was first recorded by me in a pajier read before the Philosophical Institute 

 of Canterbury, on the 3rd November, 1881 [22]. This paper contained descriptions 

 illustrated with figures of four new species, — one Isopod, Crnregens fontanus, and three 

 Amphipods, Crangonyx compactus, Calliope suhterranea, and Gammants fragUis, — and 

 was subsequently published in the ' Transactions of the New Zealand Institute.' 



In 1882, in a second paper read before the same Institute on the 5th October [23], I 

 made a few additions and corrections to the first paper, giving a few facts as to the 

 occurrence of the different species, and also described another Isopod, Fhreatoiciis 

 typicus, a new species and genus for which I have since made a separate family, the 

 Phreatoicidse [26, p. 151]. 



The five species mentioned above had all been obtained from a well at East Eyreton, 

 about 13 or 14 miles from Christchurch, and most of them were subsequently obtained 

 from other wells in the immediate neighbourhood. Nothing further of importance 



