CRUSTACEA OF NEW ZEALAND. 177 



found in Carniola : — Nipharffus stygius, Scliiodte ; N. puteanus, de la Valette St. George ; A^. puteanus, 

 var. Forelii, A. Humbert ; aud N. orcinus, sp. nov. 



Two species of Titanethes and one of Typhloniscux also appear to have been described by Joseph in 

 this paper. They are Titanethes fracticornis, Joseph, T. breviconiis, Joseph, from Carniola, and Typhlo- 

 inscus stygius, Joseph, from Italy. They are mentioned by Packard in his list of the cave-animals of 

 Europe [83, p. 86]. 



F. A. FoREL [40, p. 134] could not find Niphargus in the Savoy lakes, in Lake Bourget, and Lake 

 Annecy, but Niphargus pvteanus, Koch, was found in a well at Annccy. 



O. E. Imhof [64] also was unable to find Niphargus in these lakes, though in Lake Bourget Asellus 

 Forelii, Blanc, was found. 



According to Eugene Daday [34] Niphargus stygius is found in Transylvania, at Kis-Nyires 

 and Ugra. 



Ed. van Beneden [10] also records the occurrence of Niphargus puteanus at Liege. 



F. A. FoREL [40], in 1885, published his very exhaustive and comprehensive work on "La Faune 

 profonde des Lacs suisses," in which many references are made to the blind Niphargus and Asellus. In 

 the fauna of the deep water he mentions Gammarus pulex, Dcg. (which appears to descend to considerable 

 depths, although the author says that the forms he has seen differ little from those of the littoral region), 

 Niphargus puteanus, var. Forelii, Humbert, and Asellus Forelii, Blanc. He is inclined to raise 

 Humbert's variety of Niphargus to the rank of a species, and mentions that it is nearer to the Niphargus 

 of wells than to the Gammarus pulex of the littoral region of the lake. He afterwards calls it 

 Niphargus Forelii. Asellus Forelii, Blanc, is abundant at various depths ; two specimens found at depths 

 of 200 metres and 300 metres had rudiments of eyes ; all the others, even the young from the pouch of 

 the female, showed no trace of eyes. The species is intermediate between Asellus aquaticus aud 

 A. cavaticus, Schiodte, but is nearer the latter. The author records Niphargus Forelii from the 

 following lakes : — Geneva, Neuchatel, Lucerne, Walenstadt, Zurich, Como ; and Asellus Forelii from 

 Bourget, Annecy, Geneva, Lucerne. 



After an elaborate argument the author comes to the conclusion that the two species Niphargus 

 Forelii and Asellus Forelii are not derived from the fauna of the littoral region, but from the underground 

 ■waters of the surrounding country, which must therefore have more or less free communication with the 

 deep waters of the lakes. 



G. BuDDE-LuND [18] in his 'Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria,' published in 188.5, identifies Typhlo- 

 niscus Steinii, Schbbl, and Ilea crassicornis, Koch, with Platyarthrus Hoffmannseggii, Brandt, a species 

 found in ants' nests throughout Europe; he also gives another species, P. Schoblii, from Algeria 

 [18, p. 201]. In the appendix [18, p. 306] he gives Typhloniscus stygius, Joseph, under the name 

 Platyarthrus sti/gius, but does not say where it is found, or whether in auts' nests or in caverns. Packard 

 in his list of European cave-animals, gives it as from Italy [83, p. 86]. Under the genus Titanethes 

 Budde-Lund gives a short description of Titanethes albus { = Pherusa alba, Koch), and merely mentions 

 T. alpicola, Heller, T. graniger, Frivaldsky, T. feneriensis, Parona, T. fracticornis, Joseph, and T. brevi- 

 cornis, Joseph [18, p. 254]. 



G. DU Plessis-Gouret [87] deals with the same subject as that handled by Forel. He found 

 Niphargus Forelii opposite Ouchy in the Lake of Geneva, where Forel had not found it, and states that it 

 occurs also in the Lake of Lucerne. He says, without hesitation, that the lake Niphargus is descended 

 from the underground Niphargus. 



G. AsPER [2], in 1885, refers to his former work on this subject, but does not mention the forms 

 supposed to be intermediate between Gammarus pulex and Niphargus Forelii. He is of opinion that the 

 Niphargus gets into the lakes from wells. 



