CRUSTACEA OF NEW ZEALAND. 167 



In the same paper, Schiodte also describes with great fiihiess, aud figures, Pherusa alba, Koch, au 

 jsopod belonging to the Oniseidae. As the name Pherusa was preoccupied, he renames the species 

 Titanethes albus, placing it in " Ordo Isopoda — Familia 0«j««— Tribus Oniscini." Owing to Koch's 

 use of the name Pherusa, earlier cm]iloyed among the Araphipoda, it appears that Sehiodte's Titanethes 

 has itself been spoken of as an Amphipod. With regard to this species, Spence Bate [4, ii. p. 440] gives 

 the reference " ' Herrich Schiiffer, Contin. of Panzer,' fasc. 180, pi. 24," and this, together with the 

 above quoted from Stebbing [108, p. 24], is all the information I can gather on this species. 



Robert Caspary [19], in 1849,. gave a full account with figures of Gammarus puteanus, Koch, from 

 specimens found at Elberfeld. He was not able to discover eyes, although he examined more than .30 

 specimens. The small size of his specimens (4-6 mm.) and the absence of eggs from the brood-pouches 

 of the females show, says Wrzesniowski [124, p. 603], that he had to deal with very young specimens. 

 He considers the mouth-parts, but, according to Wrzesniowski [12-1, p. 603], gives an incorrect figure 

 of the palp of the first maxillae. 



In his list [15] giving the synonymy of Asellus sieboldii, de Rougemont { = A. caraticus, Schiodte), 



Bovalhus gives a reference to this paper by Caspary, as follows :— " 1849 Fuhlrott. (Caspary), in 



Verhandl. des naturh. Vereins der preuss. Rheinlande und Westfalens, Jahrg. 6, fig. ; " thus without 

 mentioning any name as used by Caspary. I am unable to consult Caspary's paper, and therefore cannot 

 say what information, if any, he gives on Asellus cavaticus. According to Packard [83, p. 146], Caspary 

 gives a " figure, without name, of Asellus cavaticus, Leydig." The next entry in Bovallius's list of 

 synonyms is under the date 1871 [15, p. 11]. 



A. Hosius [61], in 1850, sets forth very fully the characters which separate the three species, Gam- 

 marus pulex irom running waters, Gammarus fluviatilis (=G. Roselii, Gervais) from still or weakly 

 flowing waters, aud Gammarus puteanus from wells. He compares the tliree species as regards the 

 maxillae, and gives two drawings of the maxillae of G. puteanus, taken from Caspary, and retaining the 

 eiToneous figuring of the palp. The incorrectness was also pointed out by Spence Bate and Westwood 

 [4, i. p. 311]. 



A. CosTA [32], in 1851, gives, among others in his list of Amphipoda, Gammarus lonyicaudatus from 

 the drinking-water of Naples, and G. montanus from the Lago del Maltese. Afterwards he admitted 

 that the two were the same, and the first as " Gammarus longicaudata," A. Costa, appears alone in his 

 Catalogue [see Stebbing, 108, p. 21.9]. Wrzesniowski gives the species under Xipharr/us [124, 

 p. 696-7]. Spence Bate aud Westwood, without comment, give it as a synonym of Nipharffus aquilex, 

 Schiodte [4, i. p. 316]. 



J. 0. Westwood [120], in April 1853, communicated to the Linnean Society the discovery of a well- 

 shrimp in a well near Maidenhead, England. This was at the time referred to Niphargus stygius, 

 Schiodte, but was afterwards separated under the name Niphargus aquilex by Schiodte [95, pp. 349- 

 351]. Bate and Westwood point out that Schiodte has been misled into describing it with "dorso 

 carinato " by examining dried specimens, but they retain his name Niphargus aquilex on other grounds 

 [4, i. p. 317]. 



In an anonymous paper on some Crustacea [57], quoted by Stebbing thus :—" Anonymous (? Halli- 

 day)," Latin diagnoses of the gcuus Niphargus and the two species .V. sti/giiis and N. aquilex are given. 

 The fall account of the former is given in English as applying equally well to the latter, except for the 

 differences mentioned in the diagnoses. As these amounted to little more than applying a smooth 

 back to N. stygius, and by mistake a keeled one to N. aquilex, Spence Bate was, he says, misled by this 

 to assume the identity of the two sjjecies. 



Adam White [121] in his ' Popular History of British Crustacea,' in 1857, omits the Gammarus 

 subterraneus, Leach, which he had previously suggested might be " Gammarus pulex, var. jun. ?." He 

 changes Niphargus stygius, Westwood, into Niphargus aquilex, Schiodte, and asks whether this may not 

 be the Gammarus subterraneus of Leach [see 108, p. 305]. 



