164 TA(iK SKOliSIilORd 



and reproductions of tin- limbs. — ^\'. LlLJEBORG, 1853, wlio in the interpretation of the limbs 

 of these forms takes the same standpoint as H. MiLNE EDWARDS, except that he interprets 

 the maxilla correctly — this pair of appendages is caUed the fii'st pair of maxillae, the fifth 

 and sixth pairs of limbs the second and third pairs of maxillae — is a good deal superior to his 

 contemporaries in accuracy and acuteness in observing details and in the clearness of his 

 descriptions as well as in the elegance of his drawings. — It may be pointed out as a curious 

 fact that 0. Costa in 1845 explained the exopodite of the second antennae as branchiae, an 

 assumption that was decidedly rejected by E. Grube already in his work of 1859, p. 326. 



As early as 1852, thus before the above-mentioned works of S. FISCHER and W. LlLJEBORG, 

 J. D. Dana, however, gave the first correct interpretation of the limbs of this group, and liis 

 view soon foimd general acceptance*. 



\\lth regard to the differences in opinion that liave appeared in literature as to the 

 terms for the various limbs and with regard to the various opinions that have been put forward 

 as to the interpretation of the different parts of the limbs I merely refer in this connection 

 to what has been stated above in the chapter on terminology and the morphology of 

 the limbs. 

 Tiw other ur^ans. In 1838 H. MiLXE EDWARDS Verified the existence of the lateral eyes and correctly 



described the structm-e of the furca. In a work of 1840 the same author found that the mouth 

 was provided with an upper lip. \V. LlLJEBORG finds (1853) the median eye and the rod- 

 shaped organ** and surmises that the latter is a sensory organ; he writes about this 1. c. p. 175: 

 ,,Midt emellan ogonen sitter en lang, utat afsmalnande papill, som framskjuter mellan de 

 ofre antennerna. Vid basen ar den uppsvalld, med en uppstaende utvidgning, som innesluter 

 ett amne, som niycket liknar ogats pigment. Mojligen torde denna papill vara ett kiinsel- 

 organ"***. This discovery seems to have been quite overlooked by most of the succeeding 

 writers. In 1864 F. MOller stated (p. 72) that Cypridina, contrary to Cypris and Cythere, 

 had a heart. — In passing it may be pointed out that G. ^^'. MOller, 1894, p. 169 writes that 

 C. Glaus was the first to observe this organ. It is certainly true that in his work of 1865, j). 143, 

 C. Cl.\US says that he had discovered this organ quite independently of other investigators, 

 but when he published the work in question he had already (cf. p. 145) seen the above-mentioned 

 publication of F. MOllior. 



The year after tliis woik by F. MOLLER there appeared almost simultaneously two very 

 important treatises, first C. Claus's „Ue b e r die Organisation der Cypri- 

 d i n (■ n" and shortly afterwards G. 0. Sars's ,,() v e r s i g t a f N o r g e s m a r i n e 

 s t r a c o d e r". In both these works clear and also rather detailed descriptions were given 

 of both the exterior and interior morphology of these animals, which may be said to iiave 

 become fairly well known through these works. 



'' Oil i>l. '.10 ill llir wdi-k iiiriitioiH'd IIr' fiflli and sixlli limbs urc placuJ by niislakt' in tin- wnmii oiAir. 

 -* The r(;d-shapi'd organ in tlie H a 1 '7 1 y \) lids was discovered one year earlier by J. D. Dana. 

 •'''* Translalioii: Between llie eyes there is a long j)apilla growing narrower distally. which projects between 111 

 upijer antennae. It is smaller at its base and lias here an upward directed hnniii containing a material that is vt 

 like the pigment of Ilie eye. This papilla may possibly be a tactile organ." 



I'J'V 



