556 TAGE SKOGSBERG 



Firs t a n t e n n a: — This issues high up on the forehead. There are never more 

 than six clearly distinct joints. In other respects its type varies considerably. 



Second antenna: — The p r o t o p o d i t e, which is situated by the side 

 of the upper lip, issues from a rather narrow base and is very moveably joined to the body. It 

 is large, relatively high, pear-shaped, in most cases somewhat more elongated than in the 

 Cypridiniformes, somewhat flattened at the sides, with very powerful musculature, unjointed, 

 without any evident traces of the boundary between the original joints and always without 

 bristles*. E x o p o d i t e: This is very moveably joined to the protopodite, with which, when 

 at rest, it forms a distinct ventrally open knee. It is developed into a powerful, elongated, 

 (always?) nine-jointed locomotory organ, used in swimming. (All the species of this group 

 that were investigated by me had constantly nine joints, but, according to G. W. MUlleh, 

 this branch has only eight joints in the genus Thawnatocyfris; cf. the remark on this sub-family 

 on p. 580 below.) Its first joint is always elongated and in most cases of about equal thickness 

 along its whole length; most frec^uently it does not form disto-laterally a ratchet of the type 

 characteristic for the Cypridiniformes. This joint is never armed with long natatory bristles. 

 The eight following joints, of which the seven distal ones at least are short, become more and more 

 narrow the more distally they are situated; the one next to the distal one is sometimes very 

 small, even rather difficult to observe. Each of these eight joints are furnished disto-ventrally, 

 somewhat medially, with a long and powerful natatory bristle. These bristles are annulated 

 along the greater part of their length and are armed — also along the greater part of their length 

 — with moderately broad natatory hairs, arranged in the shape of a feather. The end 

 joint has a somewhat larger number (two or three were observed) of bristles; the ventral one of 

 these is always a long natatory bristle, but usually somewhat shorter and weaker than those on 

 the preceding joints; the other (or the others) are somewhat (more or less) shorter and weaker 

 than the ventral one. All the bristles on this branch are without spines. Along the distal edge 

 of a larger or smaller number of the second to the eight joints there is often a series of more 

 or less weak spines; as I found this character varying rather considerably, I thought it best 

 not to include it in the following descriptions. Basal spines in the sense in which this term is 

 used by me in the group Cypridiniformes always seem to be absent in the Halocypriformes. 

 The e n d o p o d i t e is always shorter than the exopodite, but is always well developed. It 

 has never more than three joints; otherwise it varies in type. It is used only in exceptional 

 cases as a locomotory (natatory) organ. 



M audible: — This is always powerful and elongated, and is chiefly used for holding 

 the food fast and for mastication (also a climbing organ?). Protopodite: This is always 

 two- jointed. The coxale, which is fixed obliquely forwards and downwards on the side of the 

 body just behind the second antenna, is very powerful, strongly chitinized and very short and 

 high; it consists of a rather narrow wedge-shaped dorsal insertion part, which forms the place 

 of attachment for a number of very powerful muscles, and a particularly powerful ventral 



* J. D. Dana (I85'J. pi. XC, fi.tjs. 'i li and 5 1j ami pi. XCI, fi^'. 8 e) draws a bristle distally on tho protopodite 

 (iT ('(inchoecia and Iffilriri/pnu. In .idditidri ('■. S. r.iiAnv (1880, pi. XL, fii;. 7) draws two long bristles at about the 

 middle of the pniliip(j,lile n\ .Jlnlori/pi is ailnnlird Luiiii" (presumably = Conchnecin Kcr/ulatn C. Claus). This is ei-rtaiidy 

 due Id iinstakes (pii tlir pari of Un'se wiilcrs. 



