studies on marine Ostracods 603 



has no bristles at all. One of the bristles on the next distal joint and two of those on the end joint, 

 among them the one situated most distally, are comparatively long and stiff, of a more or less 

 ordinary type, annulated proximally, more or less hyaline distally, all presumably plaving 

 a certain part in seizing and holding the female fast. The most distal of these bristles is, in most 

 species of this genus, armed on the posterior side at about or somewhat distally of half its length 

 with a smaller or greater number of spines, which in most cases point proximally; in a number 

 of cases the armature of this bristle is of other types. The other two of these three bristles 

 are usually somewhat shorter than the most distal one and are either quite bare or only slightly 

 armed. On the proximal one of them there is rather often a more or less long pad-like appendage 

 (,,Schwiele", according to G. W. MtlLLEu's terminology) at about the place corresponding to 

 the distal bristle's rows of spines. G. W. MtlLLER describes this appendage (1906 a, p. 39) as 

 ,,eine zartwandige einseitige Verdickung der Borste". This author then writes: ,,Wie das Bild 

 zu stande kommt, ob es sich wirklich um eine Erweiterung der Borste oder nur um einen hautigen 

 Anhang (resp. zwei) handelt, weiB ich nicht." According to what I established with certaintv 

 in a number of species, we are not concerned with a lamelliform, but with what I may perhaps 

 call a pad-like appendage (cf. G. H. FowLER, 1909, p. 230) that is situated along one side of the 

 bristle. In all the species investigated by me this pad had transverse folds (somewhat like the 

 bellows of a camera); cf. my fig. 3 of C. hisfinom and fig. 7 of C. horealis. G. \V. MCLLEii 

 states that two such appendages are sometimes found on the same bristle, one situated opposite 

 the other. This statement is presumably always due to a mistake; in a number of cases, e. g. 

 in C. antifoda, G. W. Mi LLEl{, 1906 a, pi. XX\'l, fig. 9, 1 have verified the fact that it is a mistake. 

 An apparently double-sided pad of this sort, as shown in the figure just mentioned, originates 

 from the fact that a comparatively high pad, placed on one side, becomes visible on both sides 

 of the bristle under the pressure of the coverglass. One of the next distal joint's bristles and one 

 of the end joint's proximal bristles are developed as thin-walled, bare sensorial filaments, in most 

 cases somewhat rounded distally (as in, for instance, fig. 7 of C. symmetrica); they are developed 

 in somewhat different ways in different species. 



Female: — This is of about the same type as that of the male, but is rather consider- 

 ably shorter and weaker. It lias rather weakly developed musculature and often a rather 

 indistinct division into joints; the number of joints is sometimes the same as in the male, 

 sometimes it is more or less reduced by complete junction of two or more joints. The proportions 

 between the (original) joints are about the same as in the male. (If nothing special is mentioned 

 in the following descriptioos of species, the proportions between the joints are about the same 

 as are shown in the adjoining figure 10 of C. symmetrica.) The number of the bristles is either 

 the same as in the male or else the dorsal bristle of the second joint is absent. The latter bristle 

 is, if developed at all, pointed, of the ordinary type and does not grasp the rod-shaped organ. 

 (The latter is consequently free from this antenna.) Of the five bristles on the two (original) 

 distal joints the distal one on the end joint is, as is the case in the male, long and of the ordinary 

 type, annulated proximally and more or less hyaline distally; along its posterior side at or in 

 most cases somewhat distally of the middle it has a greater or less number of short hairs; in 

 some cases it has, in addition, along the proximal part of the anterii)r side a number of more 



