PALUDLVA.— Plate I. 



species collected by GevstfelJt at tlie mouth of the Us- 

 suri, a tributary of the Araoor, in Sil)eria, which is in tlie 

 isothermal latitude of Iceland, little south of the line of 

 permanent ground fi'ost. The European Paludina vivipara, 

 at least a light inflated form of similar structiu'e and co- 

 lour referred to that species, appears in North America, 

 but the Paludina of that continent consist of fifteen 

 species, chiefly of a peculiarly solid type, forming the 

 genus Melantlio of Bowditch. 



Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) 



Paludina doliaris. Pal. testa ovatd, v(;ntricosd,ferrii- 

 gineo-olivaced, liris nl/jricantibus funiculaid, anfrac- 

 tibus superue obtuse angulatis, delude niodlce convexis ; 

 aperturd pyriformi-rotundald. 



The tongue Paludina. Shell ovate, ventricose, rustv- 

 olive, corded with blackish ridges, whorls obtusely 

 angled round the upper part, then moderately convex ; 

 aperture pyriformly rounded. 



Gould, Otia Conch, p. 191. 



Ilab. Bm-mah. 



A bold rust-olive shell, corded throughout with dark 

 raised ridaes and lines. 



Species 2. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) 



Paludina angulata. Pal. testa subfuHformi-ovald, fused, 

 viresceiite-olivaceo fasciatd, spird elevatd, subpyrami- 

 dali, suturis anc/uste canaliculatis, anfractlbus superne 

 concavo-declwibus, ad peripheriam tuberctdis uni-bise- 

 riatim cinctis ; aperturd trapezoided. 



The angled Paludina. Shell somewhat fusiforndy 

 ovate, fuscous, banded with greenish-olive, spire 

 raised, somewhat pyramidal, with the sutures nar- 

 rowly channelled, whorls concavely sloping at the 

 upper part, encircled at the periphery with a row of 

 lubercles, sometimes with two rows ; aperture trape- 

 zoid. 



Lea, Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. vol. ix. p. 23. 

 Vivipara viagnifica (young), Binney. 



Hab. Coosa Kiver, Alabama. 



Mr. Binney considers this species to have been founded 



on the young of P. magnifica. 



Species 3. (Pig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) 



Paludina contecta. Pal. testd scalariformi-turbinatd, 

 profunde umbilicatd, intense olivaceo-virente, fasciis 

 tribus purpureo-rvfis cingulatd, anfraclibus subangnstis, 

 ad suturas appressis et constrictis, deinde tumido-con- 

 vexis, striatis et malleatis ; aperturd siibpyriformi- 

 rotundatis. 



The covered Paludina. Shell scalariformly turbi- 

 nated, deeply umbilicatcd, dark olive-green, encircled 

 with three purple-red bands, whorls rather narrow, 

 appressed and constricted at the sutiu'es, then tumidly 

 convex, striated and malleated; aperture somewhat 

 pyrifoi'mly rounded. 



Cgclostoma coutectum, Millet, Moll. Maine et Loire, p. 5. 

 Nerita vivipara, Miiller (not Helix vivipara, Linnaeus). 

 Cyclostoma viviparum, Drapamaud. 

 Natica vivipara, Fi'russac. 

 Lymneea vivipara, Fleming. 

 Paludina vivipara, Studer. 

 Paludina crysfallina. Gray. 

 J'ivipara communis, Dupuy. 

 Paludina Listeri, Forbes and Hanley. 



Hab. Central Eui'ope. 



This well-known species is distinguished from P. vivi- 

 para Ijy its more scalariform growth, constricted at the 

 sutures, and deep umbilicus. 



Species 4. (Fig. a, b, Mus. Cuming.) 



Paludina vivipara. Pal. testd obtuse ovatd, minute 

 compresse umbilicatd, subobesd, fulvo-olivaced, fasciis 

 tribus purpureo-rufis cingulatd, anfractibus latiusculis, 

 convexis, cunfertim plicafo-striatis ; aperturd subpy- 

 riformi-ovatn. 



The viviparous Paludina. Shell obtusely ovate, mi- 

 nutely compressly urabilicated, rather stout, fulvous- 

 olive, encircled with three pui-ple-red bands, whorls 

 rather broad, convex, closely plicately striated ; aper- 

 ture somewhat pyriformly ovate. 



Helix vivipara, Linnaeus, Syst. Nat. ed. 10. p. 772. 

 Nerita fasciata, Miiller. 

 Helix fasciata , Gmelin. 

 Helix veniricosa, Olivi. 

 Helix compactilis, Pulteney. 

 Bulitnus viviparus, Poiret. 

 Cyclostoma acliatinum, Draparnand. 

 Paludina aclialina, Studer. 

 Paludina vulgaris. Gray. 

 Turbo ackatinus, Sheppard. 

 Paludina vivipara. Say. 

 Paludina lineata, Valenciennes. 

 Paludina fasciata, Deshayes. 

 Paludina Georgiana, Lea. 

 Vivipara fasciata, Dupuy. 

 Vivipai-a vivipara, Biimey. 

 Vivipara vera, Frauenfeld. 



Hab. Ceutral Europe. 



Composed of a whorl less than the preceding species, 

 the whorls being broader and more compactly coiled. 



