228 THE GYPSY MOTH. 



approaching night many sparrows are seen hopping along 

 the ground, where they find their evening meal. Although 

 the birds are quite silent and it is impossible to make out tlie 

 species as they move among the shadows, the white female 

 moths can be plainly seen as the birds pick them up in their 

 bills. Some fifty birds are seen busily feeding on the moth 

 as we walk through the stripped woodland once more before 

 leaving for the night.* 



Birds which destroy the Various Forms of the Moth. 



The birds which have been found preying upon the gypsy 

 moth may be classified as follows : — 



Birds feeding on the larvae — chickadee, downy wood- 

 pecker, wood thrush, yellow-billed cuckoo, black-billed 

 cuckoo, yellow warbler, rose-breasted grosbeak, scarlet tana- 

 ger, black-and-white creeping warl)ler, red-eyed vireo, chip- 

 ping sparrow, oriole, blue jay, yellow-throated vireo, crow, 

 catbird, black-throated green warbler, redstart, wood pewee, 

 robin, English sparrow, least flycatcher, wren, Maryland 

 yellow-throat, chestnut-sided warbler, brown thrush, purple 

 grackle, oven bird, white-eyed vireo, bluebird, flicker. 



Birds feeding on the pupae — yellow-billed cuckoo, black- 

 billed cuckoo, chickadee, yellow-throated vireo, towhee, hairy 

 woodpecker, scarlet tanager, crow, catbird, oriole, blue jay, 

 phoebe, English sparrow, brown thrush, king bird, wood 

 pewee, bluebird, yellow warbler. 



Birds feeding on the male moths — king bird, chickadee, 

 oriole, redstart, yelloAv warbler, towhee, wood pewee, yellow- 

 throated vireo, red-eyed vireo, great-crested flycatcher, black- 

 and-white creeping warbler, least flycatcher, phoebe, brown 

 thrush, oven bird, English sparrow, chipping sparrow, blue- 

 bird, indigo bird. 



Birds feeding on the female moths — king bird, chicka- 

 dee, towhee, great-crested flycatcher, phoebe, black-and-white 

 creeping warbler, red-eyed vireo, crow. 



Birds which possibly eat the eggs — downy woodpecker, 

 chickadee, white-breasted nuthatch, blue jay, English spar- 

 row. 



* This description of the feeding of birds upon the gypsy moth is taken from 

 notes made in the field. 



