HERMAPHRODITES. 339 



Hermaphrodites. 



Three specimens of the gypsy moth were taken in Mcd- 

 ford, Mass., which are what Ochsenheimer would call perfect 

 hermaphrodites. One has the right half of the body, with 

 the wings and antenna of that side, of the form, color and 

 markings of the female ; while the left side of the body, with 

 its wings and antenna, is male. The second specimen is 

 male on the right side, and female on the left. In both of 

 these examples the frenulum is single on the male side, but 

 divided on the female. In the third specimen, the antenna 

 and both wings, on the left side, are female, while on the 

 right side, the antenna and both wings are male. The 

 abdomen is female in size and form, but the right side is 

 darker than the left, looking more like the male in color. 



As the sexes of this moth difler so much in the form and 

 color of the wings and in the pectinations of the antennae, 

 an hermaphrodite is a remarkable insect in appearance, and 

 seems almost to suggest that it is a work of art. Hermaph- 

 roditism in this species is occasional!}^ met with in Europe, 

 several cases being on record in the European journals. 



External Anatomy of the Moth. 

 The head is rather small, and joined by a very short neck 

 to the comparatively large thorax. This is followed by the 

 abdomen, which, in the male (Plate 50, Fig. 1), is medium 

 in size, gradually tapering to the last two segments. These 

 taper more rapidly to the genitalia or external genital or- 

 gans, which consist of a genital hook and pair of clasps 

 (Plate 50, Figs. 2 and 3). The abdomen of the female is 

 enormously distended. The front is smooth and very slightly 

 rounded ; the maxillae or sucking tube is rudimentary ; the 

 palpi small, extended forward horizontally (Plate 51, Fig. 

 1 a), the basal and terminal joints being about equal in 

 length, while the middle joint is about three times as long 

 as either of the others, and covered with fine hairs loosely 

 arranged over the surtace, similar to those that cover the 

 surface of the head. There are no ocelli present. The 

 antennae are bipectinated very strongly in the male (Plate 

 50, Fig. 4), while in the female the pectinations are very 



