CONTENTS. 
PAGE 
M mIMtrOGuchlOmiae «sce seins e ce alen 1 
Acknowledgements). sc cicueee os 2 
RB Ghawionetcsnntercivecd is, seers eta Mle 4 
Reactions to light............. 4 
Reactions to gravity.......... 4 
Olfactory reactions............ 4 
Courtship and mating......... 5 
Cross-copulation............ 9 
Experiments concerning sexual 
SELOCUION sy sea eh aetna vere  ansits 9 
Sex-recognition by the male.. 10 
Duration of copulation neces- 
BABY a Resteree ‘ateliodtie sitehersisceeysialts 11 
III. Genetics....... edt auc c/a i 12 
Mutations in species other than 
i melanogaster .\. = ..)55.)s<i..0 © 13 
IV. Physiological studies............ 15 
Effect of humidity on pupe.... 15 
Effect of temperature on length 
OULLO Mister con eleiainnis 15 
NAT EIDIOTI cies aeiees ee releie ofetowe file 15 
Natural food of Drosophila larve 16 
1S42) oz) cE W272) Oa A a a PPR ASI) 16 
V. Parasites and enemies of Drosophila 17 
Fungus parasites.............. 17 
Nematodes and mites......... 17 
Hymenopterous parasites...... 17 
Predacious enemies........... 17 
WVATESPA MI ATOMIV HW ee yeucleuslctveceraiete sich agsletatioe 18 
TBF Teh Aah ele Be ME BROT ap Ie 18 
ATVI are TUN MON Wham att ok 19 
Teybh arrest has i aM RM STE AMT UE pee nasty 22 
Structure of the imago........ 24 
TGA raueteteeseatanen ist ntuyeie etfs, 24 
AAS O FS) OU aes WAU NI TGS SU Re 26 
IETODORCIS Madre) atateiin sy ature ste ees 26 
PE VER raven sie ina ienan iz ra en laiaaulait 27 
PRROV ARP ae teioach siarsictene tae etelie/s 27 
BSS AT A Sua edi Mics Nagy aie hate) Ot 29 
VATION il eR GUILE ru REESE EU 29 
Halteres or balancers........ 31 
ADAOMED YE Vays ere Nae oma tal 32 
Wil Chromosomes) oi) sie) ey keeles 39 
VIII. Intraspecific variability.......... 41 
Secondary sexual characters.... 44 
IX. Methods of collecting and pre- 
serving Drosophiling.......... 45 
X. Systematic account............. 48 
Systematic position of the dro- 
sophiline’ flies roe aie 48 
Genera of Drosophiline........ 49 
ATIACTRABtAD is aaewieate eines 51 
CurtonooumMe yee iene 52 
CASO SUINO GEE rerep Pat is ters  eitetst ial laid 53 
Mi tANOCKES ta aie nae tuucen 3 53 
ill 
PAGE 
X. Systematic account—Continued 
Cladochseta wise Ohne tek sna: fh 53 
Acletoxenusee nic: salen expe sis 54 
Blesochetophora............. 54 
Sinophthslmusy es ies esas oles 54 
Gitona..... Mater Seen) Blea 54 
IPSEUCTA SUA bANeeen oiatclater ta ate ere oe 55 
EGIOMYIA LS cepa ee rors 55 
EY POGHTIGIG peeel ale areas cone ere 55 
IDeftopsOMmiyla sii fates sree 56 
Camilla eis wus arose taenenecacs 56 
tema eects Mn aa O ake Una, 56 
Zaprionusiegs eccs Wa ieraeese praia e 58 
Pseudophortica «ee sole cee evee 58 
Meucophenwaeyaee con neers 59 
Chymomiy zai nes ett 61 
Mycodrosophila..; 2 o/)@-. +2. 0. 62 
Hcaptomyza ev cron eitsreweremekehee 63 
Drosophilavya ce gatiees escaee eccetene 65 
Definition and distribution... 66 
Group A. (Sigmoidestype).. 70 
Group B. (Flore type)..... 7 (Pe 
Group C. (Dubia type)..... 73 
Group D. (Lutzii type)..... 74 
Group E. (Prognatha type). 75 
Group F. (Funebristype)... 78 
Subgroup 1. Yellowish or 
reddish species......... 78 
Subgroup 2. Blackish or 
grayish species......... 93 
Group G. Miscellaneous spe- 
LOR Gen ist initia ee tat ee oh Nees 103 
Names recorded from North 
America but not included in 
the previous treatment....... 105 
Genera not here considered as 
drosophiliness gees seein 106 
XT)’ Geological historyis sek oe kersiesnel 107 
XII. Geographical distribution........ 108 
INearctic region! se)... s eee ieee: 108. 
Neotropical region............ 112 
Palearctic region............. 114 
Ethioplan/regionaiie. pce er 115 
Orientaliiregion Misia. ised es 115 
Wolynesianirezionie ye ceases 116 
PEE Species) hybrid eis owes aia ev eeay laos 117 
XIV. Specific differences vs. mutational 
Aifrerences ees eis aien de melee 119 
Specific cases of parallelism be- 
tween mutant characters and 
characters of wild species.... 119 
XV. Catalogue of described species of 
Drosophilinge sepsis wists oheees 123 
XKIVEs Bibliography es) sca ucts 134 
1 Hato Kop. COMUNIDAD ere a a A UPN ES he 143 
