Casinaria'] BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 109 



bred from the above i>arden pest, but never taken in the open country ; 

 all my specimens, curiouslv enough, are from the London district, thus : 

 bred near London bv Clarke, from the above host at Tottenham on 21st 

 June b\- C. T. (^immingham ; at Hrondesbury by Stanley Kemp ; at 

 Blackheath on 2nd July, by Beaumont; at Mickleham in June by Beathe; 

 at Highgate, where he found it "very common," by Blair on 26th June : 

 at Chiswick on 12th June by Sich ; and several empty cocoons were 

 noted by me on i6th April, 1890, on gooseberry bushes in the garden of 

 Astley Bank, Lewisham Hill, along with young larvae of the Currant 

 Moth. This restriction is the more remarkable in view of its host's 

 ubiquity throughout the country ; at Ipswich and Monk Soham the latter 

 is abundant, but the parasite entirely absent. 



2. orbitalis, Grav. 



Caiiipoplcx orbifalis, Gr. I.E. iii. 510, ¥ . Casinaria orbitalis, Holmgr. Sv. 

 Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 48; Tschek, Verb. z.-b. Ges. 1871, p. 54; Brisch. Schr. Nat. 

 Ges. Danz, 1880, p. 147; Tboms. O.E. xi. 1098, j ? . 



A black species with the frontal orbits and tegulae white, femora ful- 

 vous, tibiae Havidous stramineous with the hind ones and base of their 

 tarsal joints white. Length, 6-9 mm. 



The only species with the internal orbits white. The genal costa is 

 subinf]exed, the mandibles and lower external orbits often flavous, lower 

 angle of discoidal c-ll not strongly acute below, the radius emitted almost 

 from basal third of stigma, the nervellus suboblique and nearly postfurcal; 

 the scape pale beneath, basal nervure oblique, radius a little longer apic- 

 ally than basally ; the calcaria large and, with both extremities of the 

 hind tibiae, apically black. 



North and central P2urope, Belgium in July, France and from end of 

 July to end of August in Sweden; Dr. Chapman has given me many 

 specimens which 1 named and he recorded from Piedrahita in Spain 

 (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1902, p. 728), where it was a very abundant parasite of 

 Hctcrogynis paradoxa , along with and sometimes itself destroyed by Pimpla 

 altirnans {cf. Ichn. Brit. iii. 106); two only of the males there bred are 

 referable to the var. a/boscufcUaris, Thorns., proving the latter's synonym\- 

 with the type form, which alone occurs in Britain. One at Guildford in 

 the summer of 1879 (Capron, Kntom. 1880, ]). 88, in coll. Mori.); bred 

 from Zjgaefia in'/olii [Vxich, I.e. p. iS; ascribed, doubtless in error, to C. 

 vidua td I.e. 1 88 1, p. i+o) ; from Abraxas grossiilaria/a by Weston {I.e. 

 i88i,p. i+o); taken by Xorgate at Brundall and Sparham in Norfolk 

 and bred by Fletcher from Zygacna //-//(»//y (Bridg.). Abroad it is said to 

 ha\e been raised from young lar\ae c^f Deilephila galii and from larvae of 

 Aniieha sinuala ; cocoon elliptic, rough, whitish and more or less black- 

 sj)otted at both ends (Brischke); my cocoons are 9 nnn. in length, very 

 woolly, with but indistinct dark bands on either side of their centre. 1 

 have seen a couple bred by Hamm at Shotovcr near Oxford in July, iqoo, 

 from Zygacna lonieerae ; a male from the same host by Charbonnier at 

 15ristol; four from Oxford Z. trifolii in 1905, by Cockayne; and a male 

 emerged to Prof. Image on 15th July, 1908, from Z. filipcndulae at Port- 

 cynon near Zower in south Wales. 



