294 BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. iPaniscus 



All the above appear instances of solitary parasitism ; but I have seen 

 in Lyle's collection a male together with a bundle of five cocoons from 

 each of which a male emeri^ed, not all upon the same day, about 12th 

 Jul}', 191 1, from a singU^ caterpillar of Aij^riopis aprilina at Brock(Mihurst ; 

 Mr. Lyle adds that he raised a brood of three durinj^- the preceding ]May 

 from a single cocoon of Halias prasiuona and subsec|uently found two 

 cocoons in one of the host's cocoons ; it only emerged singly to him on 

 25th August from a larva oi Aiiaiia mvr/i/li, all in the same locality. 



6. melanurus, Thonis. 



Panisctis testacciis, Holmgr. Sv. Ak. Handl. 1858, p. 32 ; Brauns, Arch. Nat. 

 Meckl. 1889, p. 84 ; Schra. Opusc. Ichn. p. 1874, i ? (necGrav.). P.mclanunis, 

 Thorns. O.E. xii. 1199, c? ? . 



A clear rufescent-testaceous species, large and strongly elongate, with 

 the anus always deep black. Head strongly constricted posteriorly, with 

 vertex very narrow and ocelli touching eyes; ocellar region always deep 

 black. Antennae with at most their apical third nigrescent. Mesonotum 

 not strongly nitidulous, very rarely subinfuscate, with elongate notauli ; 

 apical transcarina of metathorax laterally strong. Scutellum laterally 

 carinate to apex. Anus entirely deep black from base of fifth segment ; 

 basal segment very rarelv subinfuscate, as also are the hind femora ; hind 

 tarsi usually substramineous ; stigma clear testaceous. Length, 15-20 mm. 



The only species with decidedly black anus. 



I cannot follow recent Continental authors in terming this species 

 P. fatacciis ; Thomson would hardly have suggested a new name if he had 

 thought Holmgren's species synonymous with Gravenhorst's, which was 

 fulvous with " abdomen rarissime segmentis 6 et 7 totis et segmenti 5 

 apice nigrofuscis," while the former says " abdomine apice ut plurimum 

 toto nigro " ; thus P. opacits = tcstaceus, Gr. and P. melantirus = fcs/accus, 

 Holmgr. 



I possess examples with entirely black anus from (Juestling in 1888 

 (Eloomfield), Shere (Capron), Felden (Piftard), Tostoek in Sept. (Tuck) ; 

 West Runton in August (Wainwright), and Stalham in Sept. (Bird) in 

 Norfolk ; S. Leverton in Notts during June (Thornley) ; Cambuslang at 

 end of June (Dalglish), and Strathblane in July (G. W. Ord). It is by no 

 means a common species and I have only taken some half dozen examples, 

 mostly at light at- Monks Soham House in August and September, where 

 it once occurred on sugar in the garden ; a male turned up by the River 

 Gipping at Ipswich in August, i8q4, and another was flying swiftly and 

 settling on a hedge during a rain shower early in August, igoo, at Leiston 

 in Suffolk. 



7. testaceus, Grav. 



Paniscus testaceus, Gr. I.E. iii. 626; Ratz. Ichn. d. Forst. i, 100; ii. 80; iii. 

 81; Brisch. Schr. Nat. Ges. Danz. 1880, p. 138; Bridg. -Fitch, Entom. 1885, 

 p. 13. Paniscus opaculus, Thorns. O.E. xii. 1199, ? ; Brauns, Arch. Nat. Meckl. 

 1889, p. 84 ; Schm. Opusc. Ichn. p. 1870, <? ? . Var. P. occllaris, Thorns. O.E. xii. 

 1199, ? ; P. testaceus, var. ocellaris, Kokojew, 1899. 



A testaceous-red species with the head somewhat narrow posteriorly, 

 the ocelli not or hardly touching eyes, and the hind tarsi testaceous. 

 Length, 13-17 mm. 



Extremely like the last species in clypeal .structure, metathoracic 

 transcarina, somewhat dull mesonotum and ai)ically infuscate antennae ; 

 but a little smaller, the anus and usually ocellar region not black or at 



