Perilissus | BRITISH ICHNEUMONS. 257 

3. rufoniger, Grav. 
Ichneumon rufoniger, Gr. Mem. Ac. Sc. Torin. 1820, p. 368, ¢. J. vernalis, 
Gr. l.c. p.380, ¢ ¢. Mesoleptus rufoniger, Gr. 1. E. ii. 80, cf. 1. 684, ¢; Ste. 
Ill. M. vii, 224, ¢. Tryphon vernalis, Gr. 1. E. ii. 294; Ste. Ill. M. vii. 260; 
Fonsc. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1849, p. 231, ¢ ¢. Euryproctus rufoniger, Holmgr. Sv. Ak. 
Handl. 1855, p. 111, ¢. Perilissus vernalis, Holmgr. l/.c. p. 122; Voll. Pinac. 
pl. xxxiii, fig. 3; Spanotecnus vernalis, Thoms. O. E. ix. 911, ¢ ¢. Tryphon 
petulans, Gr. I. E. ii. 275; Ste. Ill. Man. vii. 259; Fonsc. Ann. Soc. Fr. 1849, 
p. 228, 3. 
Very closely punctate and hardly at all nitidulous, with head immacu- 
‘late black. Head not pale marked, subtumidous and not at all 
constricted posteriorly ; frons deplanate and strongly punctate ; face sub- 
convex; clypeus rugulose, coarsely punctate and apically truncate, 
mandibles black with the teeth subequal and very short. Antennae 
nearly as long as body, slender, infuscate with flagellum rarely basally 
testaceous. Thorax narrower than head, black; metanotum punctate, 
incompletely areolated with no costulae, but with areola elongate, cen- 
trally dilated and base of petiolar area distinct; spiracles circular. 
Scutellum margined to its centre. Abdomen more or less broadly red 
centrally, usually pale from apex of first /vernalis) or of second (rufoniger) 
segment to base of fifth; basal segment dull, black, narrow, apically 
gradually dilated with no carinae, and spiracles a little before its centre, 
petiole parallel-sided and shorter than postpetiole ; hypopygium trans- 
verse, apically truncate ; terebra black, reaching anus. Legs slender and 
black with tibiae, tarsi and the anterior femora testaceous; hind tibiae 
apically, and intermediate femora basally, sometimes infuscate. Wings 
subhyaline with stigma and tegulae testaceous; areolet and recurrent 
nervure, as in the last species ; radial nervure apically straight; nervellus 
a little postfurcal and intercepted above centre. Length, 64—9 mm. 
Known by the black mouth and coxae, duller metanotum, lack of 
costulae, shorter basal segment, narrower radial cell and much less post- 
furcal nervellus from P. filicornis. 
Holmgren found it from 23rd to 30th May in Sweden, and that is when 
it is commonest with us in normal years; but it is said to also occur in 
June and the male to be much the more frequent sex by Gravenhorst, 
who named an example of that sex now in Mus. Brit. Brischke 
enumerates some varieties and says (Schr. Phys. Ges. Kénig. 1871, p. 70) 
that he bred this parasite from larvae of a species of Zen¢hredo, referred 
by Gaulle to the genus Vema/us. It occurs over most of Europe and the 
whole of England, at least to Yorkshire ; I have records from Netley in 
Shropshire (Hope); Shropshire, New Forest and near London in Mag 
and June (Stephens, though none are in his collection); Yorkshire in 
June (Porritt, Yorks Nat. 1882, p. 57) ; Lands End (Marquand) ; common 
in Norfolk (Bridgman) ; Shere (Capron) and Greenings in Surrey in May, 
1872 (W. Saunders); New Forest (Miss Chawner). Mr. F. C. Adams 
takes it with some freedom in his Lyndhurst garden from the last week 
in May to 17th June; and Mr. W. H. Tuck found some females at Tos- 
tock in Suffolk early in June, 1900; the only example I have captured 
was on grass at Claydon bridge near Ipswich as late as 25th June, 1903. 
Charbonnier has given me a male with black stigma, which he took at 
Freshford, near Bath in May. 

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