160 



LEPIDOPTERA. 



raised perpendicularly, so that tlieir backs touch each 

 ^ other, and nothing is seen of them but 

 their under surface. Butterflies gene- 

 rally pass their j)upa state without any 

 ^ external protection, their chrysalis 



W'- :^^ being in most cases either suspended 



f ^ W' loosely by the tail, hanging in a per- 



l. :]M peudicular position from a little button 



of silk (Fig. 120), or having in addition 

 to this suj^port a girdle of silk passing 

 round the body and fastened on each 

 Kic. 120.— PL PA OF VANESSA, side, by which the chrysalis is suj^- 

 ported horizontally or obliquely. These chrysalids are 

 generally ornamented with gold-coloured sjDots, from 

 which they receive their name ; moreover, they frequently 

 present externally spines and angular points, giving them 

 a very remarkable aj)peai-ance. 



In the second section of Lepidopterous insects, 

 Crepuscularia, are placed 



The Hawk-moths {SpJiinx). These are furnished with a 



tlG. I'^l.— UMCOlvX HAMK-MOTH. 



stiff scaly spine, upon the outer border cf their lower 



