12 , SIMPULUM. 



The animal is of a light straw-yellow, covered with black spots, 

 which become distant and larger upon the head ; tentacles long 

 and black. The name olearium Linn, appears in the 12th edition 

 to appl}' here partially, but it is not the olearium of the 10th 

 edition nor of Born nor (Imelin. It is the Murex codalu>^ of 

 Born (not Gmelin), and parfhenoptiti of von Salis. The current 

 identification of the Linnean name is so well established that, 

 however ill it may accord with fact, it seems prefernble to 

 retain it. 



T. piLEAiiis, Linn. IM. (;, tigs. yi-3<; ; IM. 7. tigs. 38-39. 



Yellowish brown, with occasionally darker (and sometimes 

 white) revolving bands; aperture and columella orange-red to 

 blood-red, with white plications; epidermis thin, hairy and 

 bristly, light olive color. Length. 2 to 5 inches. 



Red Sea, Seychelles, Natal, China, Japan, Australia, Philippines, 



Sandwich Isles, Florida, West Indies, Brazil. 



Kobelt distinguishes T. Martinianus ( = Veliei Calkins, fig. 86). 

 T. aqiiafilis Reeve, (fig. 34), and T. intermedium^ Pease, (fig 35), 

 as varieties ; but I cannot so regard them, as I find no characters 

 by which to separate them. 2\ reatitus Hinds, (figs. 38, 39), 

 from the west coast of Central America, has normall}', a shorter 

 spire and more inflated body-whorl, is snu)otlier, darker in color, 

 the lip and columella between the plications dark chocolate ; yet 

 the intermediate stages between this and the typical ptlearts 

 make a continuous series. 



T. RUBECULA. Linn. 1*1. 7, fig. 40. 



Lemon to orange color, or orange-red, with a light lemon or 

 white I'evolving band on the middle of the body whorl, and white 

 blotches on the varices ; lij) and columella same color as outer 

 surface, with the plications white. Length, 1 to 2 inches. 



Bed Sea ; Nicobar Isles ; Philipjyines ; Central Pacific ; 



Sandwich Isles; St. Thomas, W. I. 



The last locality is ui)on the authorit}' of a dredged specimen 

 in the Swift Collection, now in the museum of the Philada. 

 Acad. For this s]iecimen Morch made a variety occidentale, but 

 it has no distinctive characters. 



