THE MOrvPHOI.OGICAL COMPOSITION OF TLANTS. iO 



of cells bound up into a continuous wliole, must be regarded 

 aa an aggregate of the tbird order. Tbe inference drawn 

 from analysis, and verified by a synthesis that corresponds in 

 a remarkable manner with tbe facts, is, tbat those compound 

 parts which, in Endogens and Exogens, are called axes, 

 have really arisen by integration of such simple parts as in 

 lower plants are called fronds. Here, on a higher level, ap- 

 pears to have taken place a repetition of the process already 

 observed on lower levels. The formation of those small 

 groups of physiological miits which compose the lowest 

 protophytes, is itself a process of integration ; and the con- 

 solidation of such groups into definitely-circumscribed and 

 coherent cells, is a completing of the process. In those 

 coalescences, variously carried on, by which many such cells 

 are joined into threads, and discs, and solid or flattened- 

 out masses, we see these morphological units aggregating 

 into units of a compound land — the different phases of the 

 transition being exemplified by groups of various sizes, 

 various degrees of cohesion, and vaiious degrees of definite- 

 ness. Once more do we now find evidences of a like process 

 on a larger scale : the compound groups are again com- 

 pounded. And, as before, there are not wanting t}^es of 

 organization by which the stages of this higher integration 

 are shadowed forth. Erom fronds that occasionally produce 

 other fronds from their surfaces, we pass to those that 

 habitually produce them. Erom those that do so in an in- 

 definite manner, to those that do so in a definite manner. 

 And from those that do so singly, to those that do so doubly 

 and triply through successive generations of fronds. Even 

 within the limits of a sub-class, we find gradations between 

 fronds irregularly proliferous, and groups of such fronds 

 united into a regular series. 



Nor does the process end here. The flowering plant is 

 rarely uniaxial — it is nearly always multiaxial. Erom its 

 primary shoot, there grow out secondary shoots of like kind. 

 Though, occasionally among Phaenogams, and frequently 



