The 12 primitive types sliow, in tlieir earliest sjx'cies, the 

 contrast and plentitnde of their characters. 



This plentitnde and this contrast are above all remarkable 

 in two straight tyi)es : Orthoceras and Bathmocevas. One 

 sees also in some species the maximum of size known, as in 

 Naut. ferox Bill, of C'anada. The plentitnde of typical char- 

 acters and the size not surpassed by later appearino- species, 

 are in disaccordance with the slow and successive progress 

 attributed to evolution. 



The 12 primitive iy\ie^ are very unequally distvi])ute(l in the 

 palaeozoic countries. This distribution indicates no centi-e 

 of diffusion, no point of departure for evolution. 

 Among the 12 primitive types, are found those the most con- 

 trasted in form and structure. Ex. : 



Orthoceras, with straight shell. 



Cvi'toceras, with curved shell. 



Nautilus, completely spiral in the same plane, 



Trochoceras, doubly spiral. 



Bathmoceras, shell straight, but characterized by an obso- 

 lete siphon. 



In order to derive from a common ancestor types so much 

 differentiated, one must have an indefinite number of genera- 

 tions and of tran.sition-forms, of which there remain no trace 

 whatever. 



The 14 types posterior to the 12 primitive types, also appeared 

 as suddenly, without being announced by an}^ transition-form, 

 as for example: Ascoceras and Goniatites. One can apply 

 to them also the preceding observation. 



The A'ertical position of the 26 types in respect to their first 

 appearance, otters a combination the most opposed to evolu- 

 tion, for instead of showing a successive progress in the 

 number of first appearances, it presents a rapid diminution 

 thereof. In fact : 



16 of these 26 first appearances (comprising the 12 primi- 

 tive types) are found within the limits of the 2d fauna. 

 8 in the limits of the 3d fauna. 

 1 towards the end of the Devonian fauna. 

 1 during the Eocene period. 



