162 TURBINID.E. 



Dr. Paul Fischer, in his excellent Manuel de Conchyliologie, divi- 

 des the TurhinicUc into three subfamilies, defined as follows : 



" I, Phasianellince — shell not nacreous ; II, Turbinince — shell na- 

 creous ; outer surface of operculum with few whorls ; III, Cydonem- 

 atince, — shell nacreous, outer surface of operculum conical, elevated, 

 scalariform, with very numerous whorls." 



The last group, embracing Cydonema Hall, Oriostovta Munier- 

 Chalmas, and other exclusively fossil genera will not be further 

 considered here. 



Contrary to the usual custom, the more aberrant subfamily, Phas- 

 ia?ie^Zwice, will be considered before taking up the Turbinince; this 

 course being less objectionable than the unnatural sequence of groups 

 which would result from interpolating the Phasianella? between the 

 Turbines and the Trochids. 



Subfamily Phasianellin.e. 



Shell bulimiform or subglobose, polished, without epidermis or na- 

 cre, variegated with bright colors; operculum heavy, calcareous, inter- 

 nally paucispiral, with nucleus near the basal margin, extei'nally 

 convex, white; animal with long tentacles, and usually pectinated 

 head lobes ; epijwdial line generally with cirrhi ; branchial plume 

 long ; foot narrow, long, pointed posteriorly, rounded before, beloAV 

 divided longitudinally by a median groove; jaws rhomboidal, cov- 

 ered with imbricating scales. Radula rather short ; formula of teeth 

 typically oo "S'l'S" oo, but sometimes lacking the median and outer lat- 

 eral teeth. 



The considerable diversity which has been observed in the denti- 

 tion of the Phasianellince renders a brief review of our knowledge of 

 that organ in the various groups desirable. Unfortunately the soft 

 parts of i'HCosj/u'rt, Chromatis and Alcyna have not been observed ; 

 and I have been unable to obtain specimens of them containing the 

 animal. 



Phasianella{ty\)\^i•^i\). The radulaof P. a^/s^ra^ts has been figured 

 by Eberhard. A transverse row of teeth forms a w- shaped line. 

 The median tooth is wide, oval, a simple plate, without cusp, over- 

 lying the bases of the inner laterals ; the lateral teeth (" Zwischen- 

 platten " of Troschel) are of a rhomboidal form, and bear well de- 

 veloped cusps with a long and several small denticles ; the outer 

 (fifth) one is narrow ; marginals (" Seitenplatten ") with long 

 sini{)le cusps, except the inner, which bears accessory small denticles 



