TURBO. 217 



T. luguhris Reeve, T. hemprichi Troscliel, T. crenljerus, Kieuer 

 and T. ducalis Phil, are synonyms. 



Usually smaller than the dimensions above given. The figures 

 illustrate the wide variation to -which this species is subject. The 

 passage from the strongly tuberculate forms into those in which the 

 transverse striae simply cut the lirae into diamonds or granules is 

 made by imperceptible degrees. 



Var. GRANULATUS Gmel, 1788. PI. 46, fig. 18. 



Shell typically more elongated than T. coronatus, altitude about 

 equalling the diameter ; umbilicate, finely granulose all over, with 

 subsutural and coronal series of tubercles, and sometimes one or two 

 additional series upon the median part of body-whorl. 



Indian 0. ; Chinese Seas, etc. 



T. granulosus (Kiener) Sby., T. modestus Phil., are synonyms. 

 Var. coREENSis Recluz. PI. 47, fig. 19. 



Similar in sculpture to var. granulatus, but imperforate. 



Alt. 19, diam. 22 mill. 



Corea; Japan. 

 T. SMARAGDus Martyn, 1784. PI. G2, fig. 13. 



Shell depressed, heliciform, imperforate, solid, covered with a 

 strong blackish cuticle, beneath which it is green ; usually eroded 

 at apex ; whorls 4-5, upper ones spirally sulcate or carinate, the 

 last large, flattened above, with incremental wrinkles and subobso- 

 lete spiral sulci ; aperture large, oblique, rounded, pearly white with- 

 in ; outer lip thin, black-edged, columella arched, with a pearly cal- 

 lus ; unibilico-parietal area excavated, concave, white. 



Alt. 40-50, diam. 50-60 mill. 



Xeiv Zealand; Fiji Is. 



Operculum (pi. 59, fig. 8,) flat inside with four whorls, tlie nucle- 

 us more than one-third the distance across the face; outside deep 

 green except on the side of increment which is white ; very minute- 

 ly remotely granose ; according to ITutton, smooth. 



It is T. helicinus Born, 1780. This name has precedence over 

 Martyn's ; but I doubt the expediency of changing the w'ell-known 

 name at this late day. I am not sure that the species belongs in 

 Marmorostoma, but it certainly should not be placed in Turbo ss. as 

 is usually done. 

 Yar. TRicosTATUs Hutton, 1884. Unfigured. 



Body-whorl with three spiral ribs. 



Wellington to Dunedin, N. Zealand.. 



