ASTRALIUM. 229 



2:1011 covered witli a heavy callus, more or less stained with pinkish, 

 somewhat excavated at center, and obsoletely spirally ridged. 



Alt. 25, diam. (including spines) 70 mill. Jajxin. 



Operculum (pi. 60, fig. 60). 



T. guildjordm Reeve is a synonym. 



Subgenus Bolma Risso, 1826. 



Sliell turbinate, spire conic, imperforate, whorls rounded at the 

 periphery, the upper ones spiny, base convex ; operculum nearly 

 round, nucleus excentric, outside polished, concave in the middle, 

 with a convexity or rib upon the center of the spiral. 



Mediterranean and Japanese Seas. 



Tubicanthus Swains., 1840, is a synonym. 



In the Mollusca of the Challenger, p. 131, Watson corrects the 

 orthography of this name, making it Bollna. But I find that Gray 

 and authors generally have not deviated from the orthography of 

 Risso. (see Hist. Nat. de I'Europe mh-ldionale iv, p. 117). 



A. RUGOSUM Linn., 1767. PI. 40, fig. 20 ; pi. m, fig. 85. 



Shell solid, conic, imj^erforate, brown or cinereous ; suture canalic- 

 ulate, bordered below by a series of curved radiating tubercles ; whorls 

 (^)-7, obliquely lamellose striate, the upper ones carinate and tuber- 

 culate or s|)inose at the periphery, the last descending, rounded or 

 bicarinate, spirally lirate ; base conspicuously radiately striate ; aper- 

 ture obliquely, transversely oval, pearly within ; columella arched, 

 white, and pearly, with an orange callus dilated over the umbilical 

 region and extending over the parietal wall. Alt. 50, diam. 55 mill. 



Mediterranean Sea; Atlantic shores of Spain and S. W.France; 

 Azores, Madeira and Canary Is. 



Operculum (pi. 60, figs. 39, 40) short-oval, brown within, with 

 four w'horls, the nucleus situated one-third the distance across the 

 face ; outside bright orange, polished, with a spiral callous ridge. 



T. camanensis \\\\. is a synonym. 



A. MODESTUM. Reeve, 1842. PI. 55, figs. 63, 64. 



"Shell imperforate, conically turbinated, orange-rose ; whorls con- 

 vexly sloping, then encircled with two rows of scales, papillary- 

 grained throughout; base rather fiat, tinged with chrome orange." 

 (Reeve). Jajmn. 



