234 ASTRALIUM. 



-delicate, distantly nodose, concentrip, iuequal lirse ; aperture circu- 

 lar, augalate at carina, lip below horizontal ; columella smooth, 

 rounded, arcuate. Alt. Ti, diam. 12 mill. 



Australia. 

 Seems to be a young shell. 



A. PETROSUM Martyn, 1784. PL 64, figs. 65, Q6. 



Shell conic, imperforate, solid, greenish or cinereous ; whorls 6, 

 above planulat^, obliquely radiately plicate or wrinkled ; periphery 

 bicarinate, with two rows of" rather short radiating spines, about 12 

 in number on the body-whorl in the upper row, smaller and more 

 numerous in the lower ; base flattened, concave toward the center, 

 concentrically densely squamose-lirate ; aperture transverse, white, 

 pink or blue inside, channelled at the carina ; peristome crenulate, 

 columella wide, with a slight semilunar groove and a denticle near 

 the base, generally more or less purplish, pink or bluish. 



Alt. 30-35, diam. 32-40 mill. 



Viti and Haivaiian Is. ; New Caledonia; Indian Ocean.(f) 



Operculum (pi. 64, fig. 64) oval, rugose, outside, with a broad 

 central curved callosity ; center excavated ; color usually the same 

 as the columella. 



T. rJiodostomus Lam., and T. tuberosus Reeve (not Phil.) are syn- 

 onyms. T. spinidosus Reeve is probably a depressed form of this 

 species. 



Martyn's name has been overlooked by most authors, but I see 

 no reason for rejecting it for that of Lamarck. His figures in the 

 " Universal Conchology " are so superior as to compare favorably 

 with modern work ; and represent unmistakably the typical form, 

 Avith the two subequal rows of spines upon the j)eriphery. 



Var. C0XFRAC40SUM Gould, 1848. PI. 54, fig. 56. 



Shell low conical, rugose, the wrinkles small, rounded, irregular, 

 oblique, slightly squamose here and there; whorls 6, somewhat 

 shouldered above, declivous at the upper part, obtusely biangulate 

 toward the base ; periphery angulate, stellate by the projection of 

 folded ribs ; base plane, encircled with about eight squamose ridges. 



Dean's Is., Paumotus Groiq). 



[ have copied Gould's figure of this form and have added two 

 which are identified by Dr. Fischer with it. These last are nmch 

 more prominently plicate above, and have colored columella, a 

 character not mentioned by Gould. 



