276 CLATHURELLA. 
Var. RuDIS, Scacchi. Whorls less convex, shell thicker, apex 
more obtuse than the type, sculpture closer, less lamellar, 
canal shorter. Appears to form a connection between this 
species and JZ. purpurea. 
C. reticulata, Renieri (Pl. 18, fig. 35), and C. scabra, Jeffreys 
(Pl. 20, fig. 79) are synonyms. 
C. cLATHRATA, Marcel de Serres. PI. 33, fig. 68; Pl. 16, figs. 
68, 70. 
Conspicuously latticed with coarse sculpture ; AVENUE large, 
truncate at base; yellowish white. 
Mediterranean and Adriatic; W. Africa. 
The synonyms include C. rudis, Phil. (fig. 68); C. granum, 
Phil.; C.quadrillum, Dujardin; C. cancellata, Caleara, and C. 
Delosensis, Reeve (Pl. 16, figs. 68, 70.) 
C. Leurroyi, Michaud. PI. 18, fig. 33. 
Ribs strong, rounded, not crossing the slightly concave sub- 
sutural area, encircled by very fine strize, which cross the ribs; 
yellowish gray, under a thin yellowish brown epidermis—of which 
it is usually denuded, variegated by irregular chestnut blotches 
arranged in two broad bands on the body-whorl, and a single 
band on those of the spire. Length, 15-18 mill. 
Hurope, Canary Islands. 
Var. CARNOSULA, Jeffreys. Pale flesh-color. Length, 20-22 mill. 
Var. ALBIDA, Bueq., Dautz. et Dollf. Uniform whitish. In sponges 
from Barbary. 
C. ringEARIS, Montagu. Pl. 18, fig. 34. 
Longitudinal ribs rounded, strong, crossed by rather numerous 
revolving lines; yellowish zray, the lines chestnut. 
Length, 9 mill. 
Europe, Canary Islands. 
Animal sluggish, frequently turns on its back and floats at the 
surface of the water, as do the related species. Spawn-cases 
separate, hemispherical, thin, membranous, one-fifth of an inch 
in diameter, with a small oval hole in the centre. They are 
attached .at the base to the inside of old bivalve shells and to 
other smooth surfaces. Each capsule contains from 200 to 300 
fry. These are of a brown color and exquisitely reticulated, each 
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