2 PHILINE. 
Genus PHILINE Ascanius, 1772. 
Philine Ascantus, K. Vet. Ak. Stock. Handl. 1772, p. 329. 
—Bullea Lam., Syst. Anim. s. Vert. p. 63, type B. planciana Lam., 
—P. aperta L. (1801).—Lobaria MutuEr, Zoologie Danice Pro- 
dromus, p. 226 (1776).— Utriculopsis M. Sars, Nyt. Mag. f. Natur- 
videns., 1870, xvii, p. 177 (see p. 16).—Colpodaspis M. Sars, Bidr. 
Kundskab. Christianiafjordens Fauna, ii, p. 74 (1870).—Colobo- 
cephalus M. Sars, t. ¢., p. 54, type C. costedlatus M. Sars, pl. 11, f. 
7-14.— Ossiania Monrts., Nom. Gen. e Spec. p. 147, type P. quad- 
rata 8. Wood (1884).—Hermania Monts., /. ¢., type P. seabra Mill. 
—Phyline and Philina of some writers. 
+Laona A. Ad., Johania Monts. and Megistostoma Gabb. 
Shell ovate or squarish, thin and fragile, smooth, spirally striate 
or punctate, or latticed, translucent, pale colored ; consisting of few 
loosely convoluted whorls, which are entirely open from below ; 
spire sunken; aperture very large, broadly effuse below, the outer 
lip retracted joining a wide sinus above. Columella thin, arcuate, 
type P. aperta L. 
Animal much too large to be included in the shell. Head disk 
oblong, large, without eyes: parapodial lobes fleshy and erect ; foot 
obliquely truncated behind, the shell and mantle projecting beyond 
it. Mantle reflexed and completely united over the shell. (Pl. 3, 
figs. 58, 54, P. aperta ; pl. 4, figs. 77, 78, P. pruinosa). Gizzard (pl. 
9, figs. 6 from above, 7 lateral view) containing three lozenge- 
shaped plates, with the inner face convex, outer face concave and 
pierced by two foramina (pl. 9, f. 1-3, P. aperta). Sometimes giz- 
zard-plates are rudimentary or absent. 
Radula without rhachidian teeth, the laterals large, erect, claw- 
shaped ; uncini 0 to 6, small, narrow, and curved acicular when pre- 
sent (pl. 9, figs. 4,5 P. aperta; fig. 10, P. pruinosa). 
The names Lobaria and Bullea are absolute synonyms, being 
founded upon the type species of Philine. Utriculopsis, Colpodaspis 
and Colobocephalus were based upon the young of various species of 
Philine, although I believe that the last-named has not been ident- 
ified as yet with any adult form. The dentition of Colobocephalus 
as figured by the younger Sars (see pl. 9, fig. 8) agrees well with that 
of Philine. 
Sometus Férussac (Tab. Syst. p. xxx) and Blainville (Malaco- 
logie, p. 478), Sorme of Adanson, has sometimes been placed in the 
