UMBRACULUM. 181 
Patella umbrella Martyn, Universal Conch., ii, pl. 102, and in 
Chenu’s reprint, Bibliothéque Conchyliologique, ii, p. 26, pl. 36, f. 1. 
—“U. umbrella Gmel.,” Dawu, Rep. ‘ Blake’ Gastrop., p. 60. 
Acardo umbella Lam., Syst. Anim. s. Vert., p. 130 (1801). 
Acardo orbieularis Mic. voN MUHBLFELD, Der Gesellschaft Nat- 
urforsch. Freunde zu Berlin, Magazin fiir die neuesten Entdeckun- 
gen in der gesammten Naturkunde, v, p. 63 (1811). 
Umbraculum chinense ScHumM., Essai d'un Nouv. Syst. Vers Test., 
p- 178 (1817). 
Umbrella indica Lam., Anim. s. Vert., vi, p. 348 (1819).— 
BuatnviL_eE, Malacol., pl. 44, f. 1—Sows., Genera of Shells, f. 1, 
2.—Krauss, Die Stidafrik. Moll., p. 62.—Rerve, Conch. Syst., ii, 
p- 52, pl. 155, f. 1, 2; Conch. Icon., xi, pl. f. 1.—Kusrrr, Conchyl. 
Cab., p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 7 (1862).—Eypoux & SouLEYEr, Voy. de la 
Bonite, Zool., ii, p. 471, pl. 27, f. 1-12—Marrens, in Mobius’ 
Meeresfauna Mauritius, p. 309 ; Conchol. Mittheil, i, p. 104, pl. 20, 
f. 4-7 (monstrous specimen figured).—GouLp, U. 8. Expl. Exped. 
Moll., p. 311, pl. 26, f. 408.—Operculatum indicum Anaas, P. Z 
S., 1867, p. 228, cf. Psr., Amer. Journ. Conch., vii, p. 22. 
Ombrella indica Buatny., Man. de Malacol., p. 475, pl. 44, f. 1, 
la, 1b (=Gastroplax Blainy., Bull. des Sci. par la Soe. Philoma- 
thique de Paris, for 1819, p. 178-182.— Gastroplax tuberculosusBLY., 
Dict. Sci. Nat. xviii, p. 177).— Umbrella chinensis Gray, in M. E. 
Gray, Figs. Moll. Anim., iv, p. 33, and ii, pl. 163, f. 1, 2 (copies 
from Blainy. Malacol., pl. 44, f. 1).— Umbrella indica Gray, Figs. 
Moll. Anim., iv, p. 33, and ii, p). 163. f. 4, type specimen in B. M. 
of Blainville’s Gastroplax, the shell removed. (This specimen also 
the original of Blainville’s figures, Malacologie, pl. 44, f. 1). 
Operculatum aurantium PEAsE, Amer. Journ. Conch., ii, p. 287, 
conf. GLD., Expl. Exped., p. 312. 
The shell of U. sinicwm is less depressed than that of U. mediter- 
raneum, with more numerous, narrower radial waves, less undulat- 
ing periphery and less strongly hooked apex. It is also larger. 
This is the species ordinarily known as Umbrella indica Lamarck. 
There are, however, no less than seven properly proposed specific 
names by strictly binomial authors, anterior to the date of indica ; 
and since the well known name must fall, there seems no reasonable 
objection to the use of the prior of Gmelin’s two specifies. Lam- 
arck’s name has held its tenure chiefly because no exposition at all 
complete of the synonymy of this species has hitherto been pub- 
lished. 
