LIVONA. 277 



Genus LIVONA Gray, 1842. 



Livona Gray, Guide Syst. dist. Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 156. — H. and 

 A. Ad., Genera, i, p. 412. — Fischer, Mannel de Conchyl., p. 825. — 

 Troschel, Das Gebiss, ii, p. 223. — Meleagris Montfort, Coucli. 

 Syst., ii, p. 207 (not Meleagris Linn.). — Cittarium Philippi, Zeitschr. 

 f. Mai. 1847, p. 21 ; Handb. Conchyl. u. Mai., p. 210, 445 (1853). 



Livona is peculiar in the great number of lateral teeth to the 

 radula, 9 on each side of the rhachis (see Troschel, Gebiss, p. 223, 

 pi. 21, fig. 10). Jaws composed of rhombic elements, as in other 

 Trochids. The operculum is thin, smooth and concave outside, 

 shining and rich chestnut color inside, the half attached to the foot 

 olive-green, duller ; the nucleus is central ; whorls about 12. The 

 epipodial line bears very numerous cirrhi, — also a peculiar char- 

 acter. 



L. PICA Linne. PL 61, fig. 24. 



Deeply umbilicate, turbinate, solid, lusterless, black with mac- 

 ulations or zizgag flammules of white. Spire conoidal, apex eroded ; 

 whorls about 6, convex, the last depressed-globose, large ; aperture 

 semicircular, oblique, nacreous inside ; outer lip simple, columella 

 arcuate, produced above in a heavy porcellanous callous deposit, 

 half-surrounding the umbilicus and deeply notched in the middle. 

 Umbilicus deep, spirally bicostate inside. 



Ait. 110, diam. 120 mill., usually smaller. 



West Indies ; North to Bermuda and Charlotte Harbor, Fla., South 

 to Panama and Trinidad. 



Turbo pica Linne, Syst. Nat., xii, p. 1235. — Lamarck, An. s. 

 vert., vii, p. 44. ; ed. Desh., ix, p. 193. — Reeve, Conch. Icon., f 24. — 

 Trochus pica Philippi, Conchyl. Cab., p. 331. — Chenu, Manuel de 

 Conchyl., p. 356, f 2638. — Fischer, Coq. Viv., p. 64, t. 1. — Livona 

 jnca Gray, Guide Syst. Dist. Moll. Brit. Mus., p. 156, and of Authors 

 generally. — T. (Livona) picotdesGo\]L,T>,Otm, p. 185.— Carpenter, 

 Moll. Western N. A., p. 21, 23, 138. 



A well-known Antillean species. The upper surface is often 

 entirely black. Young shells, or well-preserved adults, have the 

 spire Avhorls sculptured by oblique folds cut by a few spiral sulci ; 

 the pei'ijjhery and base in the half-grown shells are spirally lirate. 

 The lip is edged inside by black, or black and white. There is no 

 well authenticated Pacific coast record. 



