CALLIOSTOMA. 389 



Moll. Reg. Ai'cf. Norv., p. 141, t. iv, f. 4 (Dentition). — Hidal(;o, 

 Mol. mar. Esp., t. 59, f. 4, 5. — T. Iwviguta J. Sowb., Min. Conch., t. 

 181, f. 1. — T. Cranchianus, and T. irregularis Jjewh, Synops. Moll. 

 Gt. Brit. (ed. Gray), p. 173, 171.— T. chemnitzii Fhil., Conchyl. 

 Cab., p. 63, t. 13, f. 7.— INFonterosato, Bull. Soc. Mai. Ital., 1889, 

 p. 79 (-f- mnltisidcosa Hidalgo MS., -|- granuUfera Jeffr.) — T. 

 agrestis Phil., Abbild. i, Trochus, t. 1, f. 6 ; Conchyl. Cab., p. 66, t. 

 13, f. 13.— T.flavus Anton, Zeitschr. f. Mai. 1848, p. 105.— Phil., 

 Conchyl. Cab.,. p. 256, t. 38, f. 3.— Reeve, f. 33. 



The synonymy of the two varieties is given separately above. The 

 typical T. zhypliiniis of Linnreus is the large handsome form found 

 in the Mediterranean. It is smooth, or has only slightly developed 

 spiral riblets on the lower whorls. The upper (3 to 6) ones are densely 

 granulate, showing the affinity of the form to C graiinlatiim Born, 

 etc. Thfe following mutations have received names: 



Var. cingulata Broochi (pi. 18, fig. 12). Shell with pretty strong 

 spiral sculpture, approaching conuloides. Var. dllatata Monts., no 

 sutural cordon ; last whorl dilated, rounded at periphery. Var. stran- 

 gulata B., D. D., whorls compressed, a little concave around the 

 middle (Var. scalaris Monts. is a syn.). Var. alba Monts., and Var. 

 violacea Monts. There are numerous other forms named, but the 

 practical use of this minute subdivision is very slight. The passion 

 for names displayed by certain writers on Mediterranean shells 

 reminds one of the vagaries of our own Rafinesque. The eccentric 

 American naturalist however, betrayed great insight in taxonomic 

 matters. 



Var. CONULOIDE8 Lamarck. PI. Qo, figs. 67, 68. 



Shell similar in form or more depressed than the type, with strong 

 spiral ridges on the upper surface of the whorls. 



Atlantic coast of Spain, France, England, etc. 



This form is the T. zizyphinus of English authors. It varies 

 from nearly smooth to strongly spirally sulcate. There are forms 

 nearly or entirely intermediate between conuloides and zizyphinus. 



Subvarietal names have been given as follows : Var. Lyonsi 

 Leach, pure white. Var. Uevigata J. Sowb., smooth and polished, 

 Avith strong sutural ridges, considerably expanded towards the base ; 

 spire depressed. Var. granuUfera JefFr. white, the ridges granulated. 

 Var. humilior Jefir. shell depressed, the diameter decidedly exceed- 

 ing the alt. The T. agrestis of Philippi is figured on pi. 18, fig. 15. 



