NOTES ON THE MUSHROOM BODIES OF THE 

 INVERTEBRATES. 



A PRELIMINARY PAPER ON THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF 

 THE ARTHROPOD AND ANNELID BRAIN 



C. H. TURNER. 



Mushroom bodies, fungiform bodies, pedunculated bodies, 

 are synonyms that have been applied to certain peculiar struc- 

 tures found in the insect brain. These bodies were first dis- 

 covered by Dujardin.i Although rediscovered by Leydig^ and 

 Rabl-Rueckhard,3 yet aided by osmic acid, the microtome and 

 staining fluids, DietH was the first to give a complete descrip- 

 tion of the whole organ. Thanks to the researches of more 

 recent investigators, it is now well known that the mushroom 

 bodies occur in all classes of insects, and that they reach their 

 highest development in the Hyvienoptera. Dietl," Berger,^ and 

 Viallanes^ have found in the Z^^y^/^^ brain structures which 

 they consider homologues of the mushroom bodies of the Hexa- 

 pod brain. Kenyon,' as the following quotation shows, thinks 

 all of these men are mistaken. " Special swellings found on 

 the brains of certain of the Crustacea have been compared to 

 them (the mushroom bodies), but it is seriously doubted, I 

 think, whether such swellings or cellular heaps are properly to 



1 Dujardin, " Memoire sur le Systeme nerveux des Insects," Ann. Set. Nat. 

 Ser. 3, tome xiv, pp. 195 et seq., PI. IV. 1850. 



2 Leydig, Vom Bau des thierischen Korpers. pp. 232 et seq. 1864. 



3 Rabl-Rueckhard, " Studien iiber Insektengehirne," Reichert unci Du Bois- 

 Raymond's Archiv. f. Anat. pp. 488, 489. 1875. 



* Dietl, "Die Organisation des Arthropodengehirns," Zeit. f. wiss. Zool. Bd. 

 xxviii, pp. 488-517. 1876. 



5 Berger, " Untersuchungen iiber den Bau des Gehirns und der Retina der 

 Arthropoden," Arb. Zool. Inst, zu Wien. Bd. i, Heft 2. 1878. 



6 Viallanes, H., " fitude Histologique et Organologique sur les Centres Ner- 

 veux et les Organs des Sens des Animaux Articules," Attn. Sci. Nat. Zool. et 

 Pal. Tome xiv, pp. 405-455- Pis. X, XI. 1893. 



^ Kenyon, F. C, " The Brain of the Bee," Journ. of Conip. Neurology. \ ol. vi, 

 pp. 133-210, Pis. XIV-XXII. 1896. 



