60 The Shell-Collector’s Handbook. 
PALUDINA CONTECTA, MILLET. 
SHELL globoso-conoid, very swollen; whorls seven, of an 
unicolorous brown-olive, marked with three brownish 
bands on the body whorl, and with two bands of the 
same colour on the two preceding whorls; spire blunt, 
mucronate; umbilicus narrow, distinct and deep; mouth 
of an obliquely rounded oval, slightly produced at the 
upper angle; suture very deep; operculum concave, thin, 
reddish-yellow, with fine concentric strize, and the nucleus 
depressed so as to form a bulging on the under side. 
Young specimens are subglobose, obscurely banded, 
flattened a little above, and furnished with five ciliated 
lines. Animal dark grey, black, or brown, spotted with 
yellow. 
Habitat.—Canals and stagnant waters. 
v. virescens (Jeff.): Shell greenish. 
PALUDINA VIVIPARA, LINN. 
SHELL conically oval; whorls six and a half, not so swollen 
as in P. contecta, and with the sutures not so deep in con- 
sequence ; dull yellowish-green, with three broad brown 
spiral bands on the body whorl, and two upon each of the 
preceding whorls; umbilicus represented by a narrow slit 
behind the inner lip; mouth oval and not quite so circular 
asin P. contecta; peristome continuous; operculum rather 
thick, horny. Animal dark grey, or brown, speckled with 
yellow. 
Habitat.—Ponds, lakes, canals and slow rivers. 
v. unicolor (Jeff.): Bandless. 
v. atro-purpura (Lloyd): Shell like the type, but of a 
black colour, which, when viewed by transmitted light, is 
dark purple. 
v. albida (NV. and T.): Shell white. 
