The Shell-Collector’s Handbook. 109 
v. minor (Moq.): Shell smaller. 
v.maxima (Taylor): Shell larger. Diam. maj. 48, 
min. 32, alt. 38 mill. 
m.scalariforme (Taylor): Spire produced, and 
whorls disunited. (Vide fig. 14.) 
Fie. 14.—Helix aspersa. m. scalarvforme. 
m.sinistrorsum (Zaylor): Spire reversed. 
[To express the different modes of banding in this and the 
two following species as shortly as possible several formulze 
—known as band-formulsze—have been adopted by concho- 
logists. The type of each species has five bands, which 
are represented by the figures 12345—the 123 referring to 
three bands above the periphery and the 45 to two bands 
below it. When a band is interrupted it is shown by a 
colon, thus 12: 45; when slightiy developed, by the inser- 
tion of the figure representing that band below the line of 
the others, as 12345; when obsolete by a cypher, as 
02345, or 00000; and when two or more bands are con- 
fused together into one band it is shown by bracketing the 
figures standing for the component bands, thus 123(45), 
(123)(45). If more than five bands be present the 
extra band is represented by the insertion of the letter x 
into the formula, as in 12x345 or 1x2845 . 
