DEVIL’S WALKING-STICK. 63 
with Equisitacew, and rank sour sedge-grass. 
The characteristic trees attaining to any mag- 
nitude on the western slope of the Cascades 
are the Douglas Spruce (Abies Douglassii),* 
Menzies Spruce (A. Menziesiz), Hemlock Spruce 
(A. Mertensiana), Pinus contorta, and the useful 
so-called ‘Cedar’ (Thuja gigantea). Between the 
open bits of prairie are graceful groups of the 
large-leaved Maple (Acer macrophyllum), Vine 
Maple (A. circinatum), together with the waving 
Dogwood (Cornus nuttaliz), and brilliant red and 
green Alders (Alnus rubra and A. viridis) ; whilst 
the river-banks and loamy valleys are shaded by 
clumps and rows of massive poplars (Populus 
balsamifera), under the larger forest-growths, 
Mahonia, Spireus, Ribes, Vacciniums, Gaultheria, 
and that most prickly and unpleasant plant named 
the ‘ Devil’s Walking-stick’ (Panaz horridus), 
mingle their leaves and branches into an im- 
penetrable tangle. 
The first twenty miles of the Boundary-line 
takes nearly a parallel course with the Fraser 
* Through patches of these gigantic firs, near the Sumass 
prairie, the axe-men had to cut the Boundary-line. The 
trees grew thickly together, and many exceeded 30 feet in 
circumference, and measured from 200 to 250 feet when 
stretched on the ground by the brawny choppers. 
