156 ROUTE TO THE SUMMIT CAMP. 
CHAPTER VIII 
ROUTE TO THE SUMMIT CAMP— SPOKAN PLAINS——FEARFUL DE- 
STRUCTION OF HORSES—SYNIAKWATEEN (OR ‘THE CROSSING’ )— 
A BUTTERFLY ASSEMBLAGE—THE FOX-SPARROW—GOATSUCKERS 
— THE OSPREY—REDSTART — LOUISIANA TANAGER— DUSKY 
GROUSE —FRANKLIN’S GROUSE — RUFFED GROUSE — HARRIS’S 
WOODPECKER — GAIRDNER’S WOODPECKER — WHITE-HEADED 
WOODPECKER—THREE-TOED WOODPECKER—LOG-COCK—LEWIS’S 
WOODPECKER—A NEW CICADA (CICADA OCCIDENTALIS). 
THE routes travelled by our various working- 
parties in order to reach the Summit Camp— 
situated on the Rocky Mountains, and the termi- 
nation of the half of the Boundary Line we were 
commissioned to mark (the other half, east of 
the Rocky Mountains, the terminal point of which 
is at the Lake of the Woods, still remains un- 
marked )—ran in a southerly direction. This 
deviation from a more direct course was necessi- 
tated in consequence of impassable barriers of 
mountains, so closely piled and wooded, that the 
valleys between them were little else than rocky 
gorges, devoid of grass or other food for packed 
animals. Following the Colville valley for some 
distance, and thence through a sparsely-wooded 
