210 MARKING THE BOUNDARY LINE. 
we had to feed the animals entirely on barley ; 
so thick was the underbrush that it was impos- 
sible for the mules to get into it from off the 
trail. 
If ten mules started for the far-away camps, 
five had to be loaded with barley, to feed them- 
selves, and the other five packed with rations. 
The cost was enormous, as the grain had to be 
obtained from Chili, our consumption sometimes 
amounting to 1,000 Ibs. per day. 
This difficulty was greatly enhanced by the 
mosquitoes, the grass lands being so infested 
with these pests as to render grazing impossible. 
East of the Cascades we needed grain only in 
wintering, the timber being open and grass 
abundant. 
It would take a volume to describe the cutting 
and marking the ‘Boundary line.’ The illustration 
drawn from a photograph of one of the camps, 
east of the Cascades, shows the tangle we had often 
to work in. The line is cut through the timber, 
from the coast to the eastern slopes of the Rocky 
Mountains; marked by an obelisk of faced 
granite at its commencement, then for a short 
distance by iron posts, the remainder by stone 
cairns placed at varying distances but in con- 
spicuous places. The working staff was generally 
