RIGHT OF CHIEFSHIP. 241 
way, but riches generally carry the palm. In- 
stance: Lolo of Kamloops, formerly a scullion, 
now a so-called chief. 
A. (Tolmie.)—The authority of the chiefs is 
limited, and depends greatly on individual force 
of character. On the coast, chiefship is hereditary 
by the female line. In the interior (Kliketat 
tribes and Flatheads), rank passes by the male 
line, but courage and ability are the best re- 
commendations to leadership amongst the tribes 
encountering the hostile Blackfoot every summer 
in the buffalo-country. 
Q. Have they any laws? If so, how are they 
preserved? How is delinquency punished and 
how are judges constituted? What are the crimes 
taken notice of by the laws? Is there gradation 
or commutation of punishment? 
A. (Anderson.)—Y es, t.e. Social Laws, which 
as a point of honour are generally well observed. 
Any dereliction is generally remedied by the 
ultima ratio. 
A. (Tolmie.)—No law but custom. Very 
troublesome characters sometimes shot by agree- 
ment between a few leading men in a tribe. 
Medicine men the most frequent victims of this 
and of individual vengeance.- They frequently 
avert further evil by returning fees when the 
VOL. Il. R 
