THEIR FOOD. 247 
1855-56, in which the Kliketats bore a principal 
part. 
‘Prior to the war of 1855, the Kliketats had 
many horses. Some chiefs, such as Peopeomuse- 
muse, counted their hundreds. The tradition is 
that horses were obtained from the southward, 
and that the Kliketats have not been for many 
generations in possession of them. 
‘In their own country, the Kliketats lived on 
salmon, and to no great extent by the chase, game 
being scarce. ‘The principal root used by them 
as food is the peahay, a bitter root which has an 
“elegant” bitter taste, and boils into a farina- 
ceous jelly; next is the n’poolthla, which they 
grind into flour; again, the “‘mamun” and seek- 
ywa, which they knead into white cakes and 
use as biscuit; these also have a bitter flavour; 
lastly, the kamass, formerly Scilla esculenta, but 
now “kamassia,” I believe. The “ calz”* which 
you saw here is also used as. food by the 
Kliketats. They used, before the war, to culti- 
vate potatoes and maize, and some of the chiefs 
had horned cattle. 
‘T have never been able to find that the Indians 
of North West America, Kliketats or others, had 
* Calz, a kind of wild sun-flower, the root of which is 
dried in the sun, and then consumed as an esculent. 
