CEPHALOPODA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 29I 



Polypus marmoratus (Hoyle 1885). a (PI. xlv; pi. xuvm, fig. 6.) 



Octopus marmoratus Hoyle 1885, p. 227. 



Octopus marmoratus Hoyle 1885a, p. 102. 



Octopus marmoratus Hoyle 1886, p. 8, 85, 220. pi, t>. 



Octopus marmoratus Brock 1SS7, p. 610, 611. 



Octopus marmoratus Ort.mann 1S91, p. 671. 



Octopus marmoratus Joubin ? 1S94, p. 35 {fide Wiilker). 



Polypus marmoratus Hoyle 1905, p. 978. 



Polypus -marmoratus Berry 1909, p. 41S (locality record only). 



Polypus marmoratus Wiilker 1913, p. 457. 



Body of moderate size, rounded pyriform in shape, broadest toward the posterior; not flattened, 

 but with a distinct median longitudinal depression or sulcus on the ventral surface. Integument as a 

 rule quite smooth, but apt to be much wrinkled above, and with a few large, low, longitudinally elon- 

 gate tubercles on the dorsal surface; notably more conspicuous than the remainder are one of these 

 tubercles at the base of each dorsal arm, one in advance of the center of the head, and a diamond-shaped 

 quadrilateral of four on the dorsum, besides several lateral ones&. A series 

 of smaller ridges tends to extend distally from the large tubercles at the base 

 of the dorsal arms out upon the arms, and all show a distinctly bilateral arrange- 

 ment. In addition to the ridges there is a large conspicuous bluntly conical 

 tubercle just above and behind the center of each eye opening, supplemented 

 by a smaller, more elongated excrescence just infront of the eye, and oneother 

 placed diagonally behind. This ornamentation appears to be a reasonably 

 constant feature, at least in the material examined. The mantle opening is not 

 especially wide .extending rather less than halfway from the funnel to the eye. 



Head rather small, narrow, rounded, separated from the body by an often r D , . 



' ' r J J fig. 13. — Polypus marmora 



slight constriction. Eyes prominent. Funnel small, conical, reaching little tus [175], outline drawing 



more than a third of the distance to the umbrella margin. The funnel of funnel laid open medio- 



organ is well developed and comprises a broad bilobate W-shaped pad on the ventrallytoexposethefun- 

 inner wall of the funnel cavity a little forward of the center. (Fig. 13.) 



a The principal portion of the description of this species given by Hoyle in the Challenger Report (1886, p. 85) is as follows: 



"Habitat. — On the Reefs, Honolulu, Sandwich Islands. Three specimens, one tf, two ?. 



"Sandwich Islands (Copenhagen Museum). 



" The Body is round, not depressed, and a little longer than wide. The man tie-opening extends somewhat less than halfway 

 round the body, terminating nearer to the siphon than to the eye, and considerably behind the latter. The siphon is small and 

 acutely conical, and extends about one-third the distance to the umbrella-margin. 



" The Head is narrow, and the eyes are prominent, where they have not suffered from compression. 



" The A mis are subequal, eight times as long as the body; they are very long and slender, the last character being more 

 marked in the females than in the male; they taper more rapidly at first than near the extremities, which are much attenuated. 

 The umbrella is very wide, especially in the male, where it extends almost one-third up the arms; in the females its extent is 

 only one-sixth. The suckers are rather large, and closely set; in the male a few suckers opposite the umbrella-margin are slightly, 

 but not markedly, larger than the others. The extremity of the hectocotylized arm is small, and has about io small transverse 

 ridges. 



" The Surface appears to have been smooth, except for a few short ridges placed longitudinally on the back and sides; but 

 the skin is shriveled by the action of the spirit, so that it is difficult to be certain. A conical cirrus is situated above and slightly 

 behind each eye; but in some cases this has been destroyed. 



" The Colour is a stone-gray, with dark pigment disposed in veins like those of marble on the dorsal surface of the body, head, 

 and umbrella; the male is much darker, so that the marbling is almost concealed. Traces of an oval spot are seen in front of 

 and below the eye on both sides of one female specimen and on one side of the other; but this spot is concealed by the dark colour- 

 ing in the male even if it exist. 



******* 



" This species presents in some respects a resemblance to Octopus bimaculatus, Vcrrill, namely, in the general form and pro- 

 portions, in the enlargement of one or more suckers on the lateral arms, and in the small size of the hectocotylus of the male, 

 as also in the presence of the dark spot on either side in front of the eye. Each, too, has a supra-ocular cirrus, but the con- 

 spicuously warted upper surface of Verrill's form and the equally marked smoothness of the Challenger specimens, as well as 

 the seemingly constant difference of coloration necessitate their separation. 



******* 



"It approaches Octopus hawaiensis E. and S., in general form, but differs in the presence of cirri over the eyes." 



& These structures may very likely represent the "few short ridges placed longitudinally on the back and sides" which are 

 mentioned by Hoyle. 



