CEPHALOPODA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 315 



Remarks. — The specimens which have been made the subject of the foregoing detailed description 

 do not appear to offer any features in essential disagreement with Grant's brief account of his Sepiola 

 stenodaclyla from Mauritius, but with the recent more careful description by Hoyle a of some south 

 Pacific specimens which he referred to Grant's species they are not in complete accord. The observed 

 differences are admittedly trivial, but they maintain themselves persistently and with great constancy 

 throughout the large series of specimens which has been examined and hence seem worthy of recogni- 

 tion. As in the case of most closely related sepiolids the chief difference is in the structure of the hecto- 

 cotylized arm. In Hoyle 's figure of S. stenodaclyla the modified papillae begin about halfway up the arm. 

 Those of the ventral row are comparatively stout, fairly regular, not very closely appressed, and the 

 figure shows only about fifteen of them. The conspicuous thickening of the arm at the point where the 

 papillae begin and the strongly recoiled tip exhibited by the Hawaiian specimens do not appear. In 

 E. scolopes, moreover, the modified papillae extend over a much greater proportional area (two-thirds) 

 of the arm, are much more numerous (35 to 40 in the ventral row), and so tightly palisaded together 

 that many of them are squeezed quite out of place. The details regarding the modified suckers of the 

 remaining arms are also different from Hoyle 's description, especially in the case of the third pair, where 

 in E. scolopes about twice as many of the suckers in the ventral series undergo enlargement. Unfortu- 

 nately this comparison has been hampered by the lack of actual specimens of E. stenodaclyla or any 

 other Indo-Malayan representatives of the genus, so that the separate recognition of the Hawaiian race 

 should perhaps be regarded as somewhat provisional. 



It is interesting to note that the differences separating the Japanese E. morsei from either steno- 

 daclyla or scolopes are not very conspicuously greater than those just dwelt upon, but they appear equally 

 constant, and I regard my original reference of the Hawaiian material to E. morsei as clearly erroneous. 

 The males of the last-named species may be distinguished at a glance by the much more conspicuously 

 enlarged suckers of the outer rows on the sessile arms, especially those of the second pair. Apart from 

 secondary sexual characters, however, a description of one species, however detailed, would, so far as 

 I am aware, serve almost equally well for either of the others, and I am at a loss to name any satisfactory 

 criterion for the separation of any of these puzzling forms when represented by females alone. 



E. scolopes is one of the most abundant and ubiquitous cephalopods of the Hawaiian Islands. Not 

 only is it a common surface form throughout the surrounding waters but it is to be captured on the 

 reefs and even at considerable depths, as may be seen from the accompanying table. It is, however, 

 a surprisingly constant species, the greatest variation observed being in the general form and propor- 

 tions of the body, and even this is more probably due to the varying stresses of preservation than to any 

 inherent differences in the animals themselves. It doubtless possesses luminous properties as glandular 

 organs similar to those described by Meyer (1906) for Sepiola, and more especially by Wiilker (1010, 

 p. 26) for E. morsei are very conspicuous in a corresponding position within the mantle cavity. 



The specific name scolopes has been adopted in reference to the stockade-like appearance of the 

 outer papillae on the hectocotylized arm. 



Subfamily STOLOTEUTHINiE, new subfamily. 



Mantle and head united in the nuchal region by a commissure. Suckers in two rows, for the most 

 part very small. Both dorsal arms hectocotylized, but the modification weak, consisting chiefly in 

 the greater or smaller size and more crowded condition of the suckers. Eyes with a completely circular 

 lidlike fold. Gladius, none. 



Genus STOLOTEUTHIS Verrill 1881. 



Stolottuihis Verrill 1881. p. 417. 

 Stoloteuthis Verrill 1882, p. 37s [165] 



Body short and thick, bluntly rounded behind. Fins large. Arms short; all except the ventral 

 pair united by a wide delicate basal web. Suckers for the most part minute. Mantle ornamented 

 ventrally by a sharply delimited and specially pigmented shield-shaped area of the integument. 



Type. — Sepiola leucoptera Verrill 1878 (monotypic); a species of the New England region. 



a Hoyle, 1904, p. 24, fig. B-D. 



