322 



BULLETIN OF THE BUREAU OF FISHERIES. 



transformed into hooks. Complex photogenic organs of polymorphic structure and undoubtedly poly- 

 phyletic origin are of repeated occurrence. 



Family ONYCHOTEUTHID^ Gray 1849. 



Onychoteuthidcc Gray 1S49, p. 36, 45. 



Onycholeuthidce Pfeffer lyoo. p. 152, 154; 1908, p. 62, 63; 1912, p. 39. 



Animals of small to gigantic size; body stout, loliginiform. 

 Suckers on sessile arms in two rows and normal throughout. 

 Tentacle club with part of the suckers unmodified, the remainder 

 transformed into hooks; fixing apparatus a compact carpal group 

 of suckers and pads. 



Genus ONYCHOTEUTHIS Lichtenstein 1818. 



Onychoieuthis Lichtenstein 1S18, p. 1591 {fide Hoyle); iSiSa. p. 223. 



Onychoteuthi s d'Orhigny 1845, p. 383. 



Onychoieuthis Pfeffer 1900, p. 156. 15S; 1908. p. 64; 1912. p. 70. 



Body of moderate size, cylindrical, tapering. Fins broadly 

 sagittate. Head with a conspicuous "olfactory crest" made up of 

 series of broad longitudinal lamellae. Arms stout, bearing true 

 suckers only. Tentacles stout, the clubs armed with two rows of 

 hooks on the central part; fixing apparatus a very definite compact 

 rounded group of small suckers and pads on the carpus. No hec- 

 tocotylization. Gladius narrow and slender, showing through the 

 integument as a well-defined dark streak; a small spoon-shaped 

 cone at the posterior extremity. Hoyle has recently discovered 

 the existence of photogenic organs within the mantle cavity. 



Type. — Onychoteuthis Bergii Lichtenstein i8i8=0. banksii 

 (Leach 1817), a cosmopolitan species. 



Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach 1817) Ferussac 1826. 



Loligo Banskti Leach 1817, p. 141. 



Onychoieuthis Banksii Ferussac in d'Orbigny 1826, p. 151. 

 Onychoieuthis Banksii d'Orbigny 1845,, p. 386. pi. 26. figs. 1-7. 

 Onychoieuthis Banksii Schauinsland l8gg, , p. 92 (locality record). 

 Onychoteuthis Banksii Pfeffer 1912, p. 70, 758, pi. 3, fig. 13-25. pis. 4-6. 

 Onychoteulhis banksii Berry 1912, p. 83, figs. 44-46. 



This is such an abundant and universal species that I have 

 given above only some of the more particularly relevant references 

 regarding it. For similar reasons the following description is 

 made only complete enough to afford sufficient means for its ready 

 identification. 



Body of moderate size, loliginiform, with a pair of large 

 broadly sagittate fins extending a little more than half the length 

 of the mantle. Head small, squarish; ornamented just below the 

 nuchal region with a conspicuous series of about a dozen stout longi- 

 tudinal lamellaeon eitherside. Eyes large, with capaciousopenings. 

 Arms moderate, stout, outwardly keeled; armed with two rows of small oblique hood-shaped 

 suckers, produced at the upper margin. Tentacles long and stout, the club not expanded except for 



Fig. 31. — Onychoteulhis banksii. oblique 

 dorsal view of specimen [227I from near 

 Laysan Island, X K. Drawn by R. L. 

 Hudson. 



