CEPHALOPODA OF THE HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. 335 



Family HISTIOTEUTHID/E Verrill 1881. 



Hislioteuthidce Verrill 18S1, p. 431. 

 Hislioteuthidce Pfeffer 1900, p. 152, 168. 

 Histioteuthid<B Pfeffer 1908, p. 75. 

 HislioteuthidcE Chun 1910, p. 147. 

 HistiolcuthidcB Pfeffer 1912, p. 243. 



Body short, barrel-shaped; mantle thickened and fleshy. Fins relatively small, subterminal. 

 None of the suckers on either arms or tentacles modified into hooks; two rows of suckers on sessile arms; 

 on tentacle club more than four rows. Fixing apparatus a series of small suckers and pads extending 

 across the carpal region of the tentacle and well down its stalk. Funnel locking cartilages simple linear 

 grooves and ridges. Gladius simple, loliginiform, with broad wings. Photogenic organs of very 

 characteristic structure plentifully developed over almost the entire outer surface of the mantle, head, 

 and arms. 



Histioteuthid species (young). 



Ommastrephid (young) Berry 1909 (pars), p. 419 (mere locality record). 



Body small, ovate, considerably over half as broad as long. Fins very small, subterminal, and 

 decidedly dorsal in position, with a nearly circular outline; practically continuous posteriorly. Ante- 

 rior margin of mantle obtusely angled in the median line above; slightly emarginate below the funnel. 



Head about half as large as the body; flattened above and below. Eyes rounded, prominent; their 

 apertures small, angled in front but otherwise entire. Funnel rather large, little projecting. Mantle 

 connectives a pair of simple grooves with thickened and reflexed margins at the base of the funnel 

 articulating with narrow linear ridges on the inner surface of the mantle. 



Arms over half as long as the mantle; rather stout; unequal, the order of length 2, 3, i, 4. Suckers 

 minute, spherical, biserial; homey rings well developed. 



Tentacles but little longer than the arms. Club slightly expanded and armed with four rows of 

 minute crowded suckers, the two outermost of which continue down the stalk nearly to its base. 



Color in alcohol a dull brownish buff. The chromatophores are large, slate colored, thickly dis- 

 tributed above, but not without certain hints of a symmetrical arrangement in seven to eight more or 

 less obscure transverse rows; much paler and less crowded below. Pigmentation on dorsal surface of 

 head extremely dense. A single series of large chromatophores extends along the outer surfaces of all 

 the arms, dark in color on the dorsal pair, but so pale as to be scarcely visible below. There are two 

 distinct chromatophores placed opposite one another on the ventral aspect of the funnel not far from 

 the middle. 



Total length of largest specimen, 11 mm.; of mantle, 5 mm.; of head, 2.5 mm.; of arm of second 

 pair, 3 mm.; of tentacle, 3.5 mm.; width of mantle, 3 mm. Length of smallest specimen, 9 mm.; of 

 mantle, 4 mm. 



Three specimens of this curious larval form were taken by the Albatross in the surface net at station 

 4190, latitude 34 39' 18" N., longitude 132° 04' W. [S. S. B. 254]. 



Although minute and offering no very conspicuous characters of their own, the above specimens 

 undoubtedly represent larval stages of some Histioteuthid, perhaps Calliieuthis or some nearly related 

 form. Although in all essential features they resemble the young Histioteuthid described by Pfeffer 

 in Hoyle 1907, p. 1-2, sufficient minor differences are evident to render it probable that they belong 

 to another species, even if referable to the same genus. From the young Ommastrephids with which 

 they were at first confounded, the strong pigmentation, larger head, and longer arms are sufficient for 

 their ready separation. 



