14 H. C. EFFLATOUN. 



"maxillary palpi in the larva of Lonchoptera that the organ is 

 "really the antenna and maxillary palpus, which are here quite 

 "close standing and fused ; the papilla with the refractive body is 

 "the antenna, the other the maxillary palpus (I think this inter 

 "pretation is quite correct...) The mouth is either armed with 

 "hooks, sometimes bifid, or it has only a pharyngeal skeleton. 

 "Above and at the sides of the body are always some larger spinu- 

 "les or warts; they may be very small and slightly pronounced, (I 

 "think partly dependent on the contraction of the dermis) or they 

 "may be somewhat larger or be developed into longer filaments, as 

 "in the firs!: group of the species of Syrphus ; they often bear 

 "branched hairs or spines. They are always arranged in a certain 

 "way; the prothoracal segment has generally some, either more or 

 "less numerous spinules; on the meso — and metathoracal segments 

 "and on the first abdominal segment there is on each a transverse 

 '"row of six spinules ; on the other segments they are placed thus 

 "that there are two in the middle on one corrugation and two 

 "towards each side on the following corrugation; when the segments 

 "are less distinctly divided into corrugations, the spinules or warts 

 "may be all placed on one corrugation, but however the two lateral 

 "on each side more posteriorly than the two median ; at the sides 

 "each segment has three spinules, generally one above and two 

 "more downwards, besides, there is generally one more ventrally. 

 "On the last segment they are also present, but the arrangement is 

 "here various. The spinules or warts are, as said, always present 

 "and the longer filaments often present at the sides of the last 

 "segment, belong to them and always answer to them in number 

 "but when these segments are much elongated the arrangement is 



"effaced; also the threads on the sides of the tail-shaped part in 

 "the larvae of the Eristalinae, and the filaments surrounding the 

 "posterior margin of the body in the V olucella-laxva belong to the 

 "same category. Only in a single case (some V dlucella-laxva) 

 "there are, besides the mentioned spinules or warts, some more. 

 "Many larvae have below pairs of pro-legs armed with spines, 

 "generally six or seven pairs. The larvae are amphipneustic with 

 "generally small anterior spiracles at the hind margin of the first 

 "thoracal segment, and with posterior spiracles on a shorter or 

 "longer posterior process on the last segment, sometimes situated 

 "at the end of a long, tail-shaped part. As the svrphids are 

 "cyclorrhaphous flies tire pupa is a barrel-pupa; the larva? pupates 

 "within the skin of tire last larval stag?; the skin is contracted 

 "and altered in the well known way and in it lies the real pupa; 

 "the pupa wit 1 - -* s enclosing barrel or puparium is in the des- 

 criptions simply termed the pupa. The pupa still shows the 

 "larval attributes, but the various spinules or filaments, the prolegs 



