THE ANATOMY OF THE LIZARDS 17 



five vertebrae, in this case also not being attached to 

 the sternum. 



A single protuberance from the occipital bone, the 

 condyle, joins the skull to the first cervical vertebra 

 or atlas. 



The bones of the fore -limb are those usually found 

 in vertebrate limbs, namely, humerus, radius (smaller 

 than the) ulna, carpal or wrist bones, and five clawed 

 fingers or digits. 



Similarly, in the hind Hmb are found, the femur or 

 thigh bone, tibia (larger than the) fibula, tarsal or 

 ankle bones, and five toes or digits. 



An external examination of a lizard shows that 

 the animal may be divided into — a head, which is 

 somewhat flat ; a neck, separated from the trunk by 

 a slightly narrowed part ; the trunk, ending abruptly 

 at the tail, which is round and gradually tapers to 

 a fine point. The tail, if it be intact, is longer than 

 all the rest of the lizard. The sides of the trunk are 

 not convex, but rather flattened, and from their lower 

 borders the fore and hind limbs spring. On both 

 hand and foot the first digit is the shortest ; on the 

 hand the second and third digits are the longest; on 

 the foot the fourth is the longest. 



The openings on the external surface are eight in 

 number. They consist of the large wide mouth ; the 

 two anterior nostrils, one on each side of the front 

 of the snout ; the two eyes, about half-way between 

 the nostrils and the auditory opening ; the auditory 



