24 NYMPHALID^. DANAIN^. HESTIA. 



of the genus Hestiaoi Hubner. The characters of this genus, as extracted below from Moore's 

 work,* accord well with those of the Indian species, except that these latter have the disco- 

 celluiars of the hindwing bent inwards, not outwards, but the two form an outward angle at 

 their junction. 



Zey to the Indian species of fiESTZA. 



A. With the white ground-colour reaching the margin of the wings between the marginal spots and 



markings. 



a. With the black band across the forewing consisting of a patch above and a distinct patch 



in the cell ; the subapical spots small and separate. 



/»'. Of large size (Exp. 5*5 to 6-5 inches) ; ground-colour typically grey, 

 I. H. LYNCEOS, Travancore to Mysore. • 



H. I DBA, Malayana. 

 i*. Of smaller size (Exp. \'% to 5*5 inches); ground-colour pure diaphanous white. 

 a. H. MALABARICA, Western Ghats, Concan. 

 H. LiwTBATA, Malacca. 



b. With the patch in the cell large and confluent with the black costal patch above ; the subapical 



spots elongate and coalescing. 



a'. With the inner margin white below the submedian nervure. 



3. H. JASONIA, Ceylon. 



3'. With the inner margin entirely black below the submedian nervure. 



4. H. AGAMARSCHANA, Andamans, Mergui. 



B. With the black marginal spots coalescing on the border, the white ground-colour especially on the hind- 



wing not reaching the margin. 



a. With the border spots only partially coalesced ; the ground-colour white irrorated with black 



scales. 



5. H. ciDBLM, South Andamans. 



b. The border spots all completely coalesced ; the ground-colour pure fleckless white. 



6. H. HADBNi, Bassein, British Burma. 



Many of the species are very closely allied, and the specific differences require further 

 study, especially with regard to geographical distribution. The Mergui specimens of 

 //. a^awarjf/iflwa approximate! to H. jasonia in the presence of the second interno-median 

 spot on the hindwing. The coalescing of the spots on the apical half of the forewing and along 

 the margin of both wings in H. cadelli show an approach to H. hadeni of Burma rather 

 than to H. jasonia of Ceylon. H. jasonia, too, appears to be distinct ; but between 

 H. lynceus and H. malabarica there appears to be no constant difference except size, 

 unless the white specimens from Travancore, as large as H. lynceus^ are really 

 H. malabarica, in which case the sole difference is in tone of ground-colour, as the mark- 

 ings are absolutely identical. Out of a large series of Hestias from the south Concan sent 

 by Mr. G. Vidal, C. S., there is not a single large or grey specimen, all belonged 

 to the small and white type ; and again out of six or seven specimens sent by 

 Mr. Harold Fergusson from the Ashamboo range in Travancore, there were none of 

 the small kind, all were very large ; but while none were as grey as the typical H. lynceus, 

 some were almost as white as typical H. malabarica. The most typical specimens of 



• Xectaria, Dalm., in Billb. Enum. Ins., p. 76 (1820). "Wings semi-diaphanous, large ; forewing lengthened, 

 triangular ; costa slightly arched ; apex quite convex ; exterior margin verj- oblique, waved ; posterior margin 

 short, slightly concave in middle ; costal nervure extending to half the length of the wing ; subcostal with 

 first branch emitted at some distance before end of the cell, and anastomosed to the costal near its end ; second 

 branch from near end of the Ce'l ; third and fourth at equal distances beyond : the fourth terminating above 

 and the fifth below the apex ; cell long ; upper disco-celluiar inwardly oblique and slightly angled near subcostal, 

 lower outwardly convex ; first mdial from angle of the upper, and second from near upper end of lower disco- 

 cellular ; three median branches wide apart ; submedian very recurved. Hindwing lengthened, oval ; costal 

 margin curved ; apex convex and more or less prolonged ; exterinr margin slightly waved, anal angle convex ; 

 costal nervure short, ,vith a b.isal forked spur ; subcostal branches wide apart, first very short ; disco-cellulars 

 bent outward at their middle, the radial emitted from the angle ; median branches wide apart ; submedian and 

 internal nervures slightly recurved. Body long, slender ; palpi porrect, pilose above and beneath; tip pointed; 

 legs long, slender ; antennae slender." (Moore, 1. c.) 



