36 NYMPHALID.I-. DANAIN^. DANAIS, 



D. ceylamca is precisely similar to D. gram mica, except that its tone of colouration is 

 somewhat darker, and the hyaline markings are rather less prominent j they are very doubt- 

 fully distinct as species. 



II. DanaiS Cleona, Cramer. 

 PapUio cleona, Cramer, Pap. Ex., vol. iv, pi. ccclxxvii, fig. F (1781) ; Herbst, Pap., pi. cxxvi, fig. i (1793) ; 

 2)<J«a«<^/«^«^I. Godt..Enc. Mah., vol. ix, p. 190. n. 47 (1819) : Blanc, Voy. au Pole Sud. vol. iv, p. 386, 

 pi. ii, fig. 3 (1853) ; Da7iais luiescens, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 172, n. 5. P- i73, f>g- 3, female. 

 Habitat: North India (apud IVestwood a.\\A Butler), ]3.ya, Borneo. 

 Expanse : 3*0 to 3-5 inches. 



Description : The following description is taken from Cramer's plate : — Male : Upper- 

 side : Forcwing black, with a short basal streak and beyond it an oval spot, both in the cell ; 

 three submarginal spots along the costa, below which are a short and broad streak below 

 the subcostal nervure, a longer one between the discoidal nervules ; a large spot above and 

 a small one below the third median nervule; two spots below the second median nervule, 

 the inner one large and completely filling the base of the interspace ; and the space between 

 the median and submedian nervules from the base to rather more than half the length of the 



wing all hyaline tinted with pure yellow. A submarginal series of spots one between 



each pair of nervules, and a marginal row of smaller spots not reaching the apex, two 

 between each pair of nervules — both series white. Hiiidwing also black ; the entire discoidal 

 cell, a series of spots round it between the nervules, a double streak joined at the base 

 below the median nervure, a single streak below the submedian (and probably another near 

 the abdominal margin) hyaline, tinted with pure yellow. A submarginal and marginal row of 

 white spots as on forewing, except that in the hindwing there are two spots between each 

 pair of nervules in both series. The usual black sexual marks. The female from Ceram and 

 Borneo has been described by Butler as a separate species under the name of D. lutescens, and 

 is stated to be " closely allied to D. cleona of Cramer, from which it differs chiefly in its 

 pale colouring, more rounded and shorter wings, and larger spots." {Biitlcr, 1. c.) His 

 figure agrees exactly with Cramer's, except in the outline of the wings being more rounded, 

 and in the discoidal cell of ih^ forewing being entirely hyaline. Blanchard's figure of a female 

 (apparently) from Ceram in the " Voyage au Pole Sud " shows a second very small spot inwardly 

 between the third and second median nervules, which is absent from both Cramer's figure 

 of a ^ , and Butler's of a $ , thus showing an approach to D. philomela and D. crocea. 



Atkinson (Ent. Month Mag., vol. iv, p. 60, 1867) records having taken D. cleona at 

 Jounpur, North-Western Provinces, in July. This record at any rate goes to prove that at 

 least one species of this group of Daiiais still occurs in Continental India, but as far as we 

 know there is no specimen of D. cleona now in any collection in this country. 

 12. DanaiS pMlomela, Zinken-Sommer. 

 Euploea philotnela, Zinken-Sommer, Nava Acta Ac. Nat, Cur., vol. xv, p. 184, pi. xvi, fig. 17 (1831). 

 Habitat : Nepal (apud Butler and Kirby), Java. 

 Expanse : ^, 2-5 ; ? , 2-9 inches. 



Description : Male Upperside : Forewing h\z.ck : with the discoidal cell ; two spots 

 between the third and second median nervules ; two larger spots between the second and 

 first, the inner one of eacli pair entirely filling the base of the interspace ; the entire space 

 between the median nervure, first median nervule and the submedian nervure to within a 

 fourth of the length of the wing from the outer margin — pure hyaline yellow. Three subcostal 

 oval spots, one between each pair of the subco.stal nervules ; two streaks below these, the 

 lower the longest ; an outwardly indented spot between the second discoidal and third median 

 nervules ; a submarginal series of increasing spots, one between each pair of nervules ; a 

 very incomplete series of smaller marginal spots, two between each pair of nervules — white. 

 The discoidal cell has near its middle a dusky streak, and the median nervure is widely 

 bordered on both sides with black. Ilindwing also black ; with two small spots at the base ; 

 a very short streak above the costal nervure ; a long one below it ; the entire cell ; a streak 



