NYMPHALID^. DANAIN^. DANAIS. 39 



the apex— bluish subhyaline white ; two dusky streaks from the end of the cell uniting towards 

 the middle and not reaching the base, and a dusky streak in the middle of the hyaline space 

 below the median nervure. Hin.iiuinjr also swarthy black ; the discoidal cell subhyaline, with 

 a bifid blackish streak not reaching the base ; two spots at the base ; a streak above the costal 

 nervure ; an elongated streak below the costal nervure ; five broad streaks round the end of the 

 cell completely filling the interspaces at the base ; the two in the median interspaces crossed 

 near the end by a black bar not always complete ; two broad streaks connected at the base, 

 between the median and submedian nervures ; and a single broad streak on each side of the 

 internal nervure ; a marginal and a submarginal row of spots two between each pair of nervules 

 in each row— hyaline bluish-white. The submarginal row interrupted at the sexual mark. 

 Underside lighter, the bluish white markings similar but more prominent ; none of the 

 submarginal or marginal series of spots obsolete. The sexual spot on the first median nervule 

 of the hindwing is deep intense black, and divided by a very narrow while streak on each side 

 of the black nervule, which is slenderly dilated. The submedian nervure also is white and 

 slenderly dilated in that portion adjoining the sexual spot. On the forewing the lower white 

 streak between the discoidal nervules and the discal spot below it are extended in a crescent 

 shape, half encircling the submarginal spots beyond. On the hindwiitg the white interspaces 

 on either side of the discoidal nervule extend to and coalesce with the submarginal spots 

 beyond, forming a prominent white patch on the border. Female : Similar to the male, 

 except that the wings are somewhat broader and ihs forewing less falcate. The sexual mark 

 on the hindwing is of course absent, so the submarginal row of spots on that wing is complete 

 and uninterrupted. Cilia black, spotted with white at the interspaces, //ead and thorax spotted 

 and streaked with white. Abdofnen swarthy above, chalky white beneath. 



D. aglea inhabits the region of heavy rainfall in north-east India, extending along the 

 submontane tarais to the Sutlej, but common only towards the east. There is only one record 

 of its occurrence so far west as Simla. A single specimen was taken by Mr. de Niceville in 

 a garden about i.ooo feet below Simla in July. Three specimens were taken in November, 

 1880, at Naiashahr in the Saharanpore district by Mrs. Deane ; and there is a specimen from 

 Mussoorie in the Indian Museum, Calcutta, but in the north-west Himalayas it is decidedly 

 a rare insect. In Kumaon there is no record as yet of its occurrence ; in Sikkim it was 

 taken in November by Mr. Otto MoUer in the Great Runjit Valley at 1.200 to 3,500 feet 

 elevation ; and in the Darjeeling tarai and up to 6,000 feet elevation in the hills Mr. de 

 Niceville found it plentiful in October. In the Khasi hills it occurs in November ; in Tenas- 

 serim Limborg took it in the winter at 3,000 to 6.000 feet elevation ; and Captain C. T. 

 Bingham found it there commonly in February up to 1,500 feet elevation, and again in August 

 to November. Dr. J. Anderson took it at Mergui in December. 



The figure shows the upperside of male and female from specimens from Sibsagar, Assam, 

 in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 



17- Danais ceylanlca, Feider. 



D. ceylanlca, Feider, Verh. lool.-bot. Gesellsch. Wien, vol. xii, p. 479, n. 90 (1862); Parantica ceylonica, 

 Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 8, pi. ii, figs. 2, 2 a, larva and pupa (1880). 



Habitat : Ceylon. 



Expanse : 3 to 3*25 inches. 



Description : *' Male and Female. Upperside, dark fuliginous-brown. Forewing 

 with a bluish-white narrow discoidal streak, above which are two parallel contiguous slender 

 lines, two lengthened streaks below the cell, five discal spots, two upper slender streaks, and 

 three costal spots, a submarginal row of small mostly cordate spots, and a marginal row of 

 more or less indistinct smaller spots. Hindwing w'lih. broad bluish-white basal streaks, regular 

 series of discal quadrate spots, the two lower of which have a contiguous or continuous outer 

 spot, an irregular submarginal and marginal row of small spots. The two scent-pouches [as 

 usual] in the male. Bead, thorax, and palpiy white-spotted, a dorsal streak on the thorax, 

 and the femora beneath, white. .^iJ^ow^m brown above, white beneath. Underside brown, 

 markings clearer. Forewing with the discoidal streaks more distinct ; above the cell is a 



