44- NYMPIIALID.E. DANAIN.E DANAIS. 



within the cell ; five contiguous small narrow spots outside the cell ; three long narrow 

 abdominal streaks ; a suhmarginal series of spots, the upper two largest, the third denate, 

 the others small ; a marginal row of smaller spots. Head, thorax, and legs black, spotted 

 and streaked with white. Abdomen, blackish above, grey beneath. Underside paler, 

 markings as above."' {Moore. I. c.) In the above description Moore omits to mention the 

 presence on the upperside of the prewing of a narrow streak from the base half along the 

 length of the wing below the submedian nervure ; and on the hindzving there are four abdominal 

 streaks, two joined at the base, between the first median nervule and the submedian nervure, 

 and one on either side of the internal nervure. On the underside the forewing is darker in 

 the middle of the disc, the hindwing irrorated with grey, except a discal band beyond the 

 cell from the costa to the anal angle, which is brown, like the disc of the forewing. The 

 FEMALE differs from the male in the absence in the hindwing of the sexual marks which are 

 presen in the male ; the submarginal row of spots therefore consists of nine instead of six 

 spots. 



" Not common in the winter in Travancore ; it occurs on the hills from 2,000 feet upwards; 

 throughout February it is tolerably common. In April and May it was fairly common 

 above 3,000 feet, and some specimens have been taken in June." {Harold Fergtisson'). Common 

 at Conoor in July. It appears to be a local though very well-marked species, peculiar to the 

 hills in the south of the peninsula. 



The figure shows the upper and undersides of a male from Conoor in the Indian 

 Museum, Calcutta. 



23. Danais taproljana, Feider. 



D. taprohana., Feider, Reise Nov., Lep., vol. ii, p. 349, pi. xlii, ^%. ^{1^(1$), male ; Danais fumata, 

 Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1866, p. 53; Chittira/umata, Moore, Lep. Cey., p. 9, pi. iv, figs. 1, la (1880). 



Habitat : Ceylon. 

 Expanse : 275 to 3*8 inches. 



Description : "Upperside : Forewing rich brown, with a long discoidal streak ; a large 

 patch below the median nervure, extending from the base to the middle of the first median 

 branch ; two spots between the first and second median branches, one in the middle, and one 

 at the base of the nervules ; three submarginal spots, one below each of the median branches, 

 and often a fourth below the lower discoidal nervule ; an oblique band from beyond the middle 

 of the costa to the middle of the third median branch, divided into five spots by the nervules; 

 one or two minute spots near the end of the cell, below the third median branch, and two 

 small obliquely placed subapical spots in, and nearly completing the submarginal series — 

 pale-greenish white, semi-transparent. Hindwing rich brown ; interior margin paler ; the 

 cell a short streak above near its termination, a minute streak near the costa beyond the 

 middle (often wanting), a minute spot beyond the end of the cell, a submarginal row of three 

 small spots near the apex, and an incomplete marginal row of four or five minute dots (gener- 

 ally absent in the male) — pale greenish white, semi-transparent. Cilia brown with whitish 

 interspaces. Body brown. UNDERSIDE : IFings golden brown, a patch of darker colour below 

 the end of the cell in the hindwing, markings nearly as above, but the basal hyaline marks 

 much suffused with brown ; only one subapical spot on forewing ; and in the hittdiving, 

 the marginal dots are larger and present in both sexes. Body : Thorax black, spotted with 

 yellow. Abdomen pale ochreous." {Butler, 1. c.) The female differs from the male only in 

 the absence of the sexual marks, and in the presence of the marginal dots on upperside of 

 hindwing. 



This exceedingly well-marked species seems confined to the Island of Ceylon. There is 

 no record of its capture on the Indian Continent. In Ceylon, according to Hutchison, it is 

 " found all the year round, scarce in February and March ; in the hills at from 3,000 to 6,000 

 feet elevation ; in forest and often in coffee plantations. Common at Newera Eliya, and several 

 miles round. Flight slow and heavy." 



