NYMPIIALID^. DANAIN^. DANAIS 49 



inner margin slightly recurved ; costal nervure extending to two-thirds the length, fust sub- 

 costal branch emitted before end of the cell, second at end of the cell, third and fourth at equal 

 distances from its end ; cell long ; upper disco-cellular bent inwards, and angled at its upper 

 and lower end, lower outwardly oblique ; radials from angles of upper disco-cellular ; median 

 branches widely separated, submedian slightly recurved. Hiiuhoins; broadly oval ; exterior 

 margin rounded, slightly sinuous ; costal nervure short, curved upward, and emitting a short 

 basal spur ; first subcostal emitted before end of the cell, and curving upward before the apex, 

 second slightly bent at end of the cell ; disco-cellulars very oblique, upper shortest and slightly 

 concave, radial from their middle ; second median branch near end of the cell ; lower bent 

 near its base, submedian nearly straight, internal recurved. Male with an open scent-pouch 

 between first median nervule and submedian nervure. Body long ; palpi pilose ; middle and 

 hindlegs slender. Larva with three pairs of fleshy filaments. Type, D. genutia, Cramer." 

 {Moore, Lep. Ceylon, p. 5, 1880). 



This group includes all the species of what are known as "tawny" Danais, and is 

 represented within Indian limits by eight species, some of which probably are insular or local, 

 and may eventually prove to be merely geographical varieties ; some of them are 

 exceedingly common, and two of them are found everywhere throughout the country, often in 

 immense numbers. The group has a very wide range, extending from Eastern Europe 

 throughout Southern and Eastern Asia, to Australia ; also to South Europe, North Africa and 

 North America. Out of the eight species included as Indian, the claim of one, D. phikne, 

 to admission is extremely doubtful ; it is included on the authority of Butler's identification. 



Sey to the Indian species of Salatnra. 



B. a. Males with a scent-pouch on hindvving, situated as in Tirttmala, but with the sac not so prominent 

 on underside. Wings opaque ; prevailing colour tawny yellowish-brown, with black and white 

 markings. * 



a*. The nervures of the wings not defined with black 3 the outer margin of both wings 

 black, with white spots, 

 a^. Apex of forewing black with a white subapical macular band, 

 aS. Hindwing uniform tawny. 



28. D. (Salaiura) chrvsippus, India. 



6^. Hindwing suffused with pure white. 



29. D. {Salatura) alcippus, N. W. India, Rangoon. 



i^. Apex of forewing tawny, the white subapical band obsolete. 



30. D. (Salatura) dorippus, Sind. 



h^ . The nervures more or less broadly defined with black. 

 «". Hindwing bright ferruginous. 



a?. With white marginal and submarginal spots. 



31. D. {Salatura) genutia,* India. 



i'*. Without white marginal and submarginal spots. 



32. D. {Salatura) nipalensis, Nepal. 



b^. Hindwing dull dark ferruginous, with fine bifid white spots on the disc 

 on underside ; nervures of forewing only partially defined with black 

 on upperside. 



33. D. {Salatura) PHiLENE, Punjab (?), Java. 



c^, Hindwing very dark brown with pure white streaks. 



a^. With two oblique rows of white spots from costa of fore- 

 wing ; white streaks on hindwing large. 



34. D. {Salatura) hhgksippi;s, N. E. India, Orissa, Burma. 



b^. With the inner row of white spots on forewing evanescent 

 or wanting ; white streaks on hindwing narrow. 



35. D. (Salatuta) nesippus. Nicobars. 



d^. Hindwing dark brown with sullied white streaks. 



36. D. (Salatura) melanippus, N. E. India. 



" /?.^«j?<//(r is the name under which the Butterfly, commonly known.as Z?, tUxippus., must stand; see 

 detailed description of this species. 



