NYMrilALID.E. DANAIN/E. DANAIS. 53 



Description: UprERSinE: Forcwing bright rich fulvous, with the costa, the whole 

 apical area to the inner angle, including the upper end of the cell, and decreasingly to the 

 base along the inner margin — black. The median ncrvure and the first and second median 

 nervules, which alone cross the fulvous ground, broadly bordered with black. On the costa 

 there is first a small spot about one-third the length of the wing from the base, then two 

 spots at the end of the cell divided by the first subcostal branch— white. A white spot 

 touching, but outside the cell, between the discoidal nervules ; an irregular band of six white 

 spots from the costa to the second median nervu'c ; this band increases to the fifth spot, 

 which is the largest ; the sixth is much smaller and rounded. There is generally one, some- 

 times two, round white spots on the inner edge of the black apical area between the second 

 median nervule and the submedian nervure, one in each interspace ; a submarginal and 

 marginal series of white spots, more or less obsolete, especially towards the apex, but always 

 present and large between the second and third median nervules. Hiiuhving lighter fulvous, 

 margined with black, on which are placed two rows of rounded dots, the inner one evanescent, 

 especially towards the apex. All the nervures broadly bordered with black. Underside as 

 above in the forczuing, except that the area between the subapical band of white spots and 

 the apex is suffused with ochreous. The submarginal and marginal series of spots are larger, 

 as are also the spots on either side of the first median nervule when present. Hindwing only 

 differs from the upperside in having all the nervures bordered with white outside their black 

 margins ; the two series of dots much larger. Cilia black, spotted with white at the 

 interspaces. Head and thorax black, spotted and streaked with white. Abdomen ferruginous, 

 spotted with white. In some specimens on the upperside of the kiiidzaing, the abdominal 

 margin and the fulvous spaces are more or less streaked or suffused with violet-white, showing 

 an approach to D. vielanippus. The female differs from the male only in the absence of 

 the sexual mark, which in that sex is placed against the first median nervule and lies between 

 it and the submedian nervure. On the upperside this mark is entirely black ; on the 

 underside black, centred with a short white streak. 



" Larva, cylindrical, black, with a pair of black fleshy filaments on the third, sixth, 

 and twelfth segments, the first pair longest ; each segment with one interrupted while 

 streaTt along its anterior edge, succeeded by three white transverse spots, followed by two 

 transversely elongated yellow spots, the posterior edge of the segment having two parallel 

 interrupted white streaks ; lateral band yellow, crossed at the middle of each segment by a 

 black line ; abdominal line black ; head and feet black, ringed with white. Fupa somewhat 

 cylindrical, posterior end hemispherical, anterior ending in two slight prominences ; bright 

 green, with a dorsal ring of silvery dots, and a few scattered golden dots." (^Moore, Lap. 

 Ceylon, p. 6.) 



This species has hitherto passed as D. plexippiis, Linnreus, but Messrs. Salvin and Godman 

 have recently shown conclusively in their " Biologia Centrali-Americana," that Linna:us' name 

 applies to an American species of this type, which is distinct from the Asiatic species. The 

 error appears to have originated with Fabricius, and has till quite recently passed undetected. 

 The Indian species must, therefore, stand as D. geiiutia of Cramer, by whom it has been 

 correctly figured. 



D. genutia is as widely spread and only less common than D. chrysippus. In Tenasserim 

 it was found by Limborg throughout the cold weather up to 5,000 feet ; in the Nicobars it is 

 common ; Captain C. T. Bingham found it in Tenasserim in March and April ; it is common 

 in the Malay Peninsula in August and September. In the plains of north India it is 

 common throughout the winter ; while in the Himalayas and Khasi hills it is most common in 

 the autumn. In Kulu, according to Mr. Grahame Young, a few appear in June, and from the 

 middle of August, a succession of broods come out till late in the autumn ; in Chumba a few 

 are on the wing in April. On the West Coast it does not appear to be common, at all events 

 in the spring, but in Travancore, according to Messrs. Fergusson and Bourdillon, it is very 

 common in March, and fnirly common in April. 



