6o NYMPH ALID^E. DANAIN^. EUFLCEA. 



The first four species, E. superba, E. rogenhofen, E. irawada, and E. margarita are 

 very closely allied, and may possibly be only different forms of the same species ; the type 

 of the group is E. superba, which has the forewing with three series of violet and white spots 

 and shot with brilliant blue as far as the submarginal series, while the hindwinghas two rows of 

 white and prominent border spots ; E. tnargar'ita only appears to differ from it in the almost 

 entire absence of spots on the forewing ; and in that it has the blue shot variable in extent, 

 never reaching beyond the submarginal series of spots, and frequently confined to the basal 

 two-thirds of the forewing ; the extent to which the spots on the forewing are present 

 varies greatly in this species, and some examples approach very closely indeed to 

 E. superba. E. rogenhoferi and E. irawada, on the other hand, differ chiefly in having 

 the blue shot of the forewing extending to the outer margin, and the border spots 

 of the hindwing either pale or obsolete ; E. irawada, the Burmese form, has the spots 

 of the hindwing distinct, while E. rogenhoferi, the Assamese form, has, as is the case in several 

 parallel instances, the border spots almost, if not quite, obsolete. Typical specimens can 

 easily be distinguished, but none of the distinctive characters seem to be altogether permanent. 



The FEMALES in this group are usually coloured and marked like the males, but lack the 

 sexual brand on the forewing and the yellowish patch on the hindwing, and have the inner 

 margin of the forewing nearly straight. E. rhadamanthus and E. diocktiamis are the only 

 species of this group in which the sexes differ at all widely in colour and markings. 



11. EuplCSi SUperta, Ilerbst. 

 /•rt/Z/zV j;//^?-i5;<.j, Herbst, Pap., vol v, pi. cxix, fig. 3, /ewa/^, pi. cxx, figs, i, 2, jnale {ijrfi) ; Pa/>ilio 

 midamus, Fabricius (nee Linnaeus), Syst. Ent, p. 479, n. 161 (1775), /<:;««/« ; Linnas mutabilis midamis, 

 Hubner, Samml, Ex. Schmett , p. 16 (i8i6) ; Danais alopia, Godart, Enc. Meth., vol. ix, p. 177, n. 4 (1819) ; 

 Euploea superba, Horsfield and Moore, Cat. Lep. E. 1. C, p. 131, n. 260 {1857) ; /jaw/a jw/cr^a;, Moore, 

 Lep. Cey., p. 10 (1880). 



Habitat : {Darjiling apud Moore ?, North India apttd Butler ?) ; China. 

 Expanse : 4*2 inches. 



Description : Male : Upperside. — Foi-ewins; deep brown, lighter towards the outer 

 margin, suffused with brilliant blue up to the submarginal series of spots. A subcostal spot 

 above the extremity of the cell, bluish-white. A spot in the cell, and a series of six spots, the 

 third and fourth the largest, exterior to it, violet. A long dark impressed sexual mark 

 in the interno-median area. A submarj^inal sinuous series of seven white spots, the second 

 from the apex the largest, the seventh minute, sometimes geminate. A marginal series of 

 small round white dots, obsolete towards the apex. Hindwing cupreous-brown, darkest 

 about the median nervure, very pale on the costal area. A white patch across the subcostal 

 nervure extending into, below, and beyond the cell. A submarginal row of spots, the two upper 

 ones rounded, the third geminated, the remainder elongated ; a marginal series of small round 

 spots, all chalky-white. Underside bronzy-brown, darkest on the disc. On the forewing 

 the discal series of spots are reduced to two, one in each space between the median nervules, 

 the lower elongated, violet-white. The marginal and submarginal series of spots as on 

 upperside, white. The inner margin broadly white. The hindwing has several white spots 

 at the base ; a small spot in the cell, and beyond it six small streaks, all violet-white. The 

 submarginal and marginal series of spots on both wings as above, except that they are larger 

 and clearer white. The female differs from the male in the absence of the sexual brand, 

 and the inner margin of the forewing being straight, not outwardly lobed, as in the 

 male. No patch of chalky-white scales on the anterior portion of the hindwing. Described 

 from specimens from China in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. 



We have never seen a specimen taken in India. It is entered in the list of species 

 occurring within our limits on the strength of Horsfield and Moore's and Butler's identifica- 

 tions, but we doubt its occurrence there. 



38. Euploea rogealiofori, Felder. 



E. >o^-^«/;<j/<>;, Felder, Reise Nov.. Lep., vol. ii, p. 325, n. 446 {1865), male] E.'spieK<ie>ts,'B\xt\tr, Proc. 

 Zool. Sec. Lor.d,, 1866, p. 272, n. 9, wa/f. 



