NYMPHALID.E. DANAIN^f:. EUPLCEA- 6i 



Habitat : Eastern Himalayas, Upper Assam, Cachar, Khasi Hills, Bassein. 



Expanse : 3-4 to 4-4 inches. 



Dkscription : " Male : U ppkrsidk. —Forezvin^ blackish swarthy, shot throughout with 

 greenish blue ; the outer margin with two series of white spots, the marginal series not reaching 

 the apex, the submarginal series with the forepart arched from the costa, but not reaching 

 the inner margin ; with a short angulated series of seven oblong violet spots placed beyond 

 the cell, and extending from the costa above the cell to the lower median interspace ; one spot 

 near the end of the cell ; and a pale streak placed below the first median nervule. Hindwing 

 paler, sligiitly bluish, the costal area pale ; a rather large ochreous spot placed on the subcostal 

 nervure, and two series of very indistinct spots on the outer margin. The body swarthy, dotted 

 with white anteriorly. Underside : /^^/-ew/w^ coppery-fuscous, the inner margin pale, with the 

 series of submarginal spots as on upperside, but the inner series with smaller spots ; a 

 spot below the middle of the costa, one near the end of the cell, one below the end of the 

 cell, and one large oblong spot between the median nervules — white. Hindwing coppery- 

 fuscous, with two series of white submarginal spots j the inner series being of minute dots ; 

 with an angulate series of violet-white spots beyond the end of the cell, and one spot in the 

 cell, and some white dots at the base. Body swarthy, the thorax dotted with white." 



" Allied to E, superba, Herbst [from North India ( ? ) and China], but more brilliantly 

 shot with variable blue-green ; the outer margin of the forewing more arched ; the costa of the 

 hindwing not so angular ; the discoidal spots of the forewing much larger and oblong, and the 

 submarginal spots smaller ; the submarginal spots of the hindwing nearly obsolete. Below, 

 the discoidal spots are much more distinct and larger, the submarginal spots of the forewing 

 more numerous, and the inner submarginal series of the hindwing very small, especially towards 

 the apex and anal angle." [.Butler, I. c.) The female differs from the male in the absence 

 of the sexual mark on the upperside of the foreiving, but it has a long pale violet streak on 

 the underside in the position occupied by this mark in the male ; the inner margin is also 

 straight, not lobed, as in the male. No anterior creamy-white patch of scales on the hindwing. 

 Underside somewhat lighter in both wings. 



E. roqenhoferi is found, but not very commonly, in Assam, extending through the Eastern 

 Himalayas as far as the valley of the Sardah, which separates Kumaon from Nepal. To the 

 westward of this range it is much rarer than to the eastward. Mr. Wood-Mason took three 

 males and a female in Cachar from April to June. The specimens from Bassein of this group 

 which we have identified as E. rogenhoferi agree with the description of E. iraivada, the next 

 species, and may possibly be referable to it. At any rate the two are closely allied, and only 

 appear to differ in the comparative prominence of the spots on the hindwing and possibly 

 also in the tone of the blue shot. 



39- Euploea ira-wada, Moore. 



E. zi-awada, Moore, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., fourth series, vol. xx, p. 45 (1877). 



Habitat : Henzada, Rangoon District, Burma. 



Expanse : 3*5 inches. 



Description: " M\le: Upperside, dark blackish brown. Forewing glossed with 

 brilliant steel-blue ; a lilac-blue spot at lower end of the cell, and a contiguous discal series of 

 six similar spots ; a marginal upper series of six small white spots, and a marginal lower row of 

 white dots ; an elongated, silky, impressed streak between first median nervule arid submedian 

 nervure. Hindwing with a flesh-coloured patch extending over upper part of the cell, 

 anterior margin broadly cinereous ; a submarginal row of pale oval spots, and a marginal row 

 of small round spots. Underside brown. Forewing sxaiiwstd in the disc with black ; hind 

 margin broadly and an elongated lower discal spot cinereous white ; second discal spot and 

 cell spot blue, upper spots minute, marginal rows of white spots distinct. Hindwing with 

 marginal row of distinct white spots, submarginal row partly obsolete ; a small blue spot at 

 end of, and a contiguous series outside the cell." {.Moore, 1. c.) 



